We experimentally investigate the depth distributions and dynamics of air bubbles entrained by breaking waves in a wind-wave channel over a range of breaking wave conditions using high-resolution imaging and three-dimensional bubble tracking. Below the wave troughs, the bubble concentration decays exponentially with depth. Patches of entrained bubbles are identified for each breaking wave, and statistics describing the horizontal and vertical transport are presented. Aggregating our results, we find a stream-wise transport faster than the associated Stokes drift and modified Stokes drift for buoyant particles, which is an effect not accounted for in current models of bubble transport. This enhancement in transport is attributed to the flow field induced by the breaking waves and is relevant for the transport of bubbles, oil droplets, and microplastics at the ocean surface.

中文翻译：

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破波过程中空气夹带和增强气泡传输的三维测量

我们使用高分辨率成像和 3D 气泡跟踪实验研究了风波通道中的破碎波在一系列破碎波条件下夹带的气泡的深度分布和动力学。在波谷以下，气泡浓度随深度呈指数衰减。为每个破碎波识别夹带气泡的补丁，并提供描述水平和垂直传输的统计数据。汇总我们的结果，我们发现流式传输比相关的斯托克斯漂移和浮力粒子的修正斯托克斯漂移更快，这是当前气泡传输模型中未考虑的效果。这种传输增强归因于破碎波引起的流场，并且与气泡、油滴、