ABSTRACT

City walls have played a significant role in the history of many cities in both Europe and Anatolia in the Middle Ages. Following the development of war technology, the city walls lost their importance as defensive structures, which led to changes in the urban patterns of walled cities.

In the case of Istanbul, the city walls began to lose their defensive role after the Ottoman takeover of the city in the fifteenth century. However, the walls have continued to play new roles beyond defense, such as forming the city's physical, legal, and fiscal boundaries. The Ottoman authorities repaired and conserved the city walls in line with their changing roles, values and meaning for the city. Nevertheless, the city walls in Istanbul were damaged by earthquakes, city fires and particularly urban planning practices in the nineteenth century, as was the case in many walled cities.

This paper discusses the intertwined history of preservation and demolition of the city walls by analyzing a cost estimate, dated 1894 and located in the Ottoman State Archives, which was prepared by the modernizing administration of the Ottoman State for the repairs of the Istanbul Land Walls.

摘要

城墙在中世纪欧洲和安纳托利亚许多城市的历史中发挥了重要作用。随着战争技术的发展，城墙失去了防御结构的重要性，导致城墙城市的城市格局发生了变化。

以伊斯坦布尔为例，十五世纪奥斯曼帝国接管这座城市后，城墙开始失去防御作用。然而，城墙继续发挥着防御之外的新作用，例如形成城市的物理、法律和财政边界。奥斯曼当局根据其不断变化的角色、价值观和对城市的意义，修复和保护了城墙。然而，伊斯坦布尔的城墙因地震、城市火灾，特别是十九世纪的城市规划实践而遭到损坏，许多城墙城市的情况也是如此。

本文通过分析奥斯曼国家档案馆中 1894 年的成本估算，讨论了城墙保存和拆除的相互交织的历史，该成本估算是由奥斯曼国家现代化管理部门为修复伊斯坦布尔陆墙而准备的。