Temporary ponds contribute to the maintenance of freshwater biodiversity. Biotic and abiotic predictors are known to influence community assembly patterns in ponds, but the magnitude of these effects on different facets of diversity remains poorly investigated. We evaluated the influence of different ecological predictors (climatic and local environmental descriptors, and reproductive modes) on the taxonomic, functional, and phylogenetic diversity of anuran tadpoles in 10 temporary ponds in southern Brazil. We hypothesize that: (i) tadpole diversity will be affected by ecological predictors, particularly climate, known to influence the diversity of anuran reproductive modes; (ii) congruent responses by the three facets of diversity to the environmental predictors. We used structural equation models to reveal the pathways by which each ecological predictor affected tadpole diversity. Models explained over 85% of the variation in tadpole diversity. Water depth and dissolved oxygen positively influenced all dimensions of tadpole diversity, while pond area, air humidity, evaporation, and maximum and minimum air temperature negatively affected all facets of diversity. The foam nest strategy positively influenced phylogenetic diversity. Environmental filtering seems to be the driver behind the assembly patterns of tadpole communities in these temporary ponds, acting mostly through climate and pond area. The reproductive mode of leptodactylids contributes to the resilience of the communities during the dry phase of the ponds. Finally, the congruent responses of the three components of diversity to the environmental gradients reinforce the idea that tadpole communities are not randomly structured.

临时池塘有助于维持淡水生物多样性。众所周知，生物和非生物预测因子会影响池塘中的群落组装模式，但这些影响对多样性不同方面的影响程度仍未得到很好的研究。我们评估了巴西南部 10 个临时池塘中不同生态预测因子（气候和当地环境描述符以及繁殖模式）对无尾蝌蚪分类、功能和系统发育多样性的影响。我们假设：(i) 蝌蚪多样性将受到生态预测因素的影响，尤其是气候，已知会影响无尾猴繁殖模式的多样性；(ii) 多样性的三个方面对环境预测因素的一致反应。我们使用结构方程模型来揭示每个生态预测因子影响蝌蚪多样性的途径。模型解释了 85% 以上的蝌蚪多样性变化。水深和溶解氧对蝌蚪多样性的各个方面都有积极影响，而池塘面积、空气湿度、蒸发以及最高和最低气温对多样性的各个方面都有负面影响。泡沫巢策略对系统发育多样性产生了积极影响。环境过滤似乎是这些临时池塘中蝌蚪群落聚集模式的驱动力，主要通过气候和池塘面积起作用。细指类动物的繁殖模式有助于池塘干旱阶段社区的恢复力。最后，