Mining operations generate large amounts of wastes which are usually stored into large-scale storage facilities which pose major environmental concerns and must be properly monitored to manage the risk of catastrophic failures and also to control the generation of contaminated mine drainage. In this context, non-invasive monitoring techniques such as time-lapse electrical resistivity tomography (TL-ERT) are promising since they provide large-scale subsurface information that complements surface observations (walkover, aerial photogrammetry or remote sensing) and traditional monitoring tools, which often sample a tiny proportion of the mining waste storage facilities. The purposes of this review are as follows: (i) to understand the current state of research on TL-ERT for various applications; (ii) to create a reference library for future research on TL-ERT and geoelectrical monitoring mining waste; and (iii) to identify promising areas of development and future research needs on this issue according to our experience. This review describes the theoretical basis of geoelectrical monitoring and provides an overview of TL-ERT applications and developments over the last 30 years from a database of over 650 case studies, not limited to mining operations (e.g., landslide, permafrost). In particular, the review focuses on the applications of ERT for mining waste characterization and monitoring and a database of 150 case studies is used to identify promising applications for long-term autonomous geoelectrical monitoring of the geotechnical and geochemical stability of mining wastes. Potential challenges that could emerge from a broader adoption of TL-ERT monitoring for mining wastes are discussed. The review also considers recent advances in instrumentation, data acquisition, processing and interpretation for long-term monitoring and draws future research perspectives and promising avenues which could help improve the design and accuracy of future geoelectric monitoring programs in mining wastes.

采矿作业会产生大量废物，这些废物通常储存在大型储存设施中，这会造成重大环境问题，必须进行适当监控以管理灾难性故障的风险并控制受污染的矿山排水的产生。在这种情况下，诸如延时电阻率断层扫描 (TL-ERT) 等非侵入式监测技术很有前景，因为它们提供了补充地表观测（步行、航空摄影测量或遥感）和传统监测工具的大规模地下信息，它通常对一小部分采矿废物储存设施进行采样。本次审查的目的如下： (i) 了解针对各种应用的 TL-ERT 研究的现状；(ii) 为 TL-ERT 和地电监测采矿废物的未来研究创建一个参考库；(iii) 根据我们的经验，确定该问题的有前景的发展领域和未来的研究需求。这篇综述描述了地电监测的理论基础，并从一个包含 650 多个案例研究的数据库中概述了过去 30 年来 TL-ERT 的应用和发展，不仅限于采矿作业（例如，滑坡、永久冻土）。特别是，该审查侧重于 ERT 在采矿废物表征和监测中的应用，并使用一个包含 150 个案例研究的数据库来确定对采矿废物的岩土工程和地球化学稳定性进行长期自主地电监测的有前景的应用。讨论了广泛采用 TL-ERT 监测采矿废物可能出现的潜在挑战。审查还考虑了用于长期监测的仪器、数据采集、处理和解释方面的最新进展，并得出了未来的研究观点和有希望的途径，这些观点可能有助于改进未来采矿废物地电监测计划的设计和准确性。