Importance Despite persistent care delivery inequities, limited studies have assessed COVID-19 vaccination rates among adults with vision or hearing disabilities. Objective To estimate the prevalence of and factors in COVID-19 vaccination among US adults with vision or hearing disabilities. Design, Setting, and Participants This cross-sectional study assessed data from adults who participated in the US Census Bureau Household Pulse Survey from April 2021 through March 2022. The survey assessed COVID-19 vaccine initiation, vaccine series completion, and determinants of health care access, including demographic characteristics, clinical characteristics, and social determinants of health. Exposures Vision disability (serious difficulty seeing even with eyeglasses or blindness) and hearing disability (serious difficulty hearing even with a hearing aid or deafness). Main Outcomes and Measures First dose of COVID-19 vaccine. Adjusted estimated probabilities and 95% CIs of COVID-19 vaccine initiation were calculated using multivariable logistic regression adjusted for survey week, demographic characteristics, clinical characteristics, and social determinants of health. Results In this study of 916 085 US adults (weighted population, 192 719 992; mean [SD] age, 54.0 [15.9] years; 52.0% women), most participants had initiated the COVID-19 vaccine series (82.7%). Adults with serious difficulty seeing (mean difference, -6.3%; 95% CI, -7.5% to -5.1%; P < .001) and blindness (mean difference, -20.1%; 95% CI, -25.1% to -15.0%; P < .001) had lower vaccination rates compared with adults with little to no vision impairment. Adults with serious difficulty hearing (mean difference, -2.1%; 95% CI, -3.5% to -0.7%; P = .003) and deafness (mean difference, -17.7%; 95% CI, -21.8% to -13.6%; P < .001) were less likely to initiate the COVID-19 vaccine compared with adults with little to no hearing impairment. Controlling for other factors, adults with blindness (mean difference, -6.3%; 95% CI, -11.1% to -1.5%; P = .009) were less likely to initiate the COVID-19 vaccine compared with adults with little to no vision impairment. Controlling for other factors, adults with deafness (mean difference, -5.5%; 95% CI, -9.2% to -1.9%; P = .003) were less likely to initiate the COVID-19 vaccine compared with adults with little to no hearing impairment. Conclusion and Relevance The findings of this cross-sectional study suggest that COVID-19 vaccine initiation is lower among adults with vision or hearing disabilities compared with adults without disabilities; this information may inform initiatives to promote equitable and accessible vaccination. Additional research may be needed to monitor COVID-19 vaccination disparities among adults with vision or hearing disabilities and to address disparities.

中文翻译：

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美国有视力或听力障碍的成年人的 COVID-19 疫苗接种率。

重要性 尽管护理服务提供不平等现象持续存在，但评估视力或听力障碍成年人的 COVID-19 疫苗接种率的研究还很有限。目的 评估有视力或听力障碍的美国成年人中 COVID-19 疫苗接种的流行率和影响因素。设计、设置和参与者 这项横断面研究评估了 2021 年 4 月至 2022 年 3 月期间参加美国人口普查局家庭意向调查的成年人的数据。该调查评估了 COVID-19 疫苗的启动、疫苗系列的完成以及医疗保健的决定因素获取，包括人口特征、临床特征和健康的社会决定因素。暴露 视力障碍（即使戴眼镜也看不清或失明）和听力障碍（即使戴助听器听力也严重困难或耳聋）。主要成果和措施 第一剂 COVID-19 疫苗。使用根据调查周、人口特征、临床特征和健康的社会决定因素进行调整的多变量逻辑回归计算调整后的 COVID-19 疫苗接种估计概率和 95% CI。结果 在这项针对 916 085 名美国成年人的研究中（加权人口为 192 719 992；平均 [SD] 年龄为 54.0 [15.9] 岁；52.0% 为女性），大多数参与者已开始接种 COVID-19 疫苗系列 (82.7%)。严重视力困难（平均差异，-6.3%；95% CI，-7.5% 至 -5.1%；P < .001）和失明（平均差异，-20.1%；95% CI，-25.1% 至 -15.0）的成年人%;P<. 001）与几乎没有视力障碍的成年人相比，其疫苗接种率较低。患有严重听力困难（平均差异，-2.1%；95% CI，-3.5% 至 -0.7%；P = .003）和耳聋（平均差异，-17.7%；95% CI，-21.8% 至 -13.6）的成年人%；P < .001) 与几乎没有听力障碍或没有听力障碍的成年人相比，开始接种 COVID-19 疫苗的可能性较小。控制其他因素后，与几乎没有或没有失明的成年人相比，失明的成年人（平均差异，-6.3%；95% CI，-11.1% 至 -1.5%；P = .009）开始接种 COVID-19 疫苗的可能性较小。视力障碍。控制其他因素后，与几乎没有或没有耳聋的成年人相比，耳聋成年人（平均差，-5.5%；95% CI，-9.2% 至 -1.9%；P = .003）开始接种 COVID-19 疫苗的可能性较小听力受损。结论和相关性 这项横断面研究的结果表明，与没有残疾的成年人相比，有视力或听力障碍的成年人开始接种 COVID-19 疫苗的比例较低；这些信息可以为促进公平和可及的疫苗接种的举措提供信息。可能需要进行更多研究来监测有视力或听力障碍的成年人之间的 COVID-19 疫苗接种差异并解决差异。