Heat mitigating natural elements such as trees, shrubs, grass and water have been broadly studied, while their effects on semi-open spaces have been almost ignored. This paper aims at measuring and comparing the heat mitigating effects of four natural elements in Singaporean courtyards. Four typical courtyard scenarios (each featuring a natural element) are simulated in Envi-met and a comprehensive analysis of air temperature, mean radiant temperature, wind velocity and relative humidity is done to clarify the respective advantages of each natural elements. Daily variation of climate indicators reveal that swimming pools and grass have similar effects on air temperature, mean radiant temperature, wind velocity, relative humidity, and on Physiological Equivalent Temperature, with their differences only being 0.1 °C, 0.3 °C, 0.1 m/s, 0.3%, and 0.3 °C, respectively. Compared with grass, trees do slightly reduce wind velocity by 0.1 m/s, still they significantly reduced the daily Physiological Equivalent Temperature by 2.1 °C. Fountains are better at reducing air temperature by 2.1 °C, compared with swimming pools, but because they also increase relative humidity by 12.8%, they end up performing not so differently from swimming ponds and grass in terms of Physiological Equivalent Temperature.

树木、灌木、草和水等自然降温元素已被广泛研究，而它们对半开放空间的影响几乎被忽略了。本文旨在测量和比较新加坡庭院中四种自然元素的散热效果。在Envi-met中模拟了四个典型的庭院场景（每个场景都有一个自然元素），并对气温、平均辐射温度、风速和相对湿度进行了综合分析，以明确每个自然元素的各自优势。气候指标的日变化表明，游泳池和草地对气温、平均辐射温度、风速、相对湿度和生理等效温度的影响相似，差异仅为0.1°C、0.3°C、0.1 m/ s、0.3% 和 0。3°C，分别。与草相比，树木确实略微降低了风速 0.1 m/s，但仍显着降低了每日生理等效温度 2.1 °C。与游泳池相比，喷泉在将空气温度降低 2.1 °C 方面效果更好，但由于它们也会将相对湿度增加 12.8%，因此它们在生理等效温度方面的表现与游泳池和草地没有太大区别。