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A multifunctional sustainable ionohydrogel with excellent low-hysteresis-driven mechanical performance, environmental tolerance, multimodal stimuli-responsiveness, and power generation ability for wearable electronics
Journal of Materials Chemistry A ( IF 11.9 ) Pub Date : 2022-08-11 , DOI: 10.1039/d2ta04276b
Wanjie Si, Yingpei Liang, Yukun Chen, Shuidong Zhang

The defects of conductive hydrogels, such as high internal friction, poor performance at freezing temperatures, and long-term evaporation during storage, restrict their application in wearable electronics. Herein, a dual-crosslinked starch/PAM/borax/glycerol ionohydrogel is fabricated through a one-pot gelation-assisted polymerization approach. Starch supports PAM adapting to the glycerol/water binary solvent system through hydrogen-bonding interactions and graft copolymerization, while boronic ester linkages serve as cross-linking sites. Interestingly, the ionohydrogel exhibits extremely low internal friction (0.5 kJ m−3) and excellent environmental tolerance over a wide temperature range (−60–80 °C). Strikingly, the ionization of Na2B4O7 is sensitive to variations in temperature and humidity in a binary solvent system, which also facilitates the ionohydrogel achieving a lower freezing point and higher evaporation temperature. The ionohydrogel achieves appreciable conductivity (21.1 mS m−1) and good mechanical properties (tensile strength: 332 kPa; elongation at break: 514%) at −40 °C. Taking advantage of these exceptional characteristics and stable transport channels for Na+ and B(OH)4−, an assembled sensor can effectively detect variations in humidity (20–98%), temperature, and strain with high sensitivity, simulating the sensitivity of human skin. It is noteworthy that a single-electrode TENG manufactured using the ionohydrogel displays excellent energy-harvesting capabilities under different types of deformation. This work provides an effective strategy for obtaining a multifunctional ionohydrogel with high ΔR/R0 sensitivity for utilization in self-powered wearable electronics under extreme environmental conditions.

中文翻译:

一种多功能可持续离子水凝胶,具有出色的低滞后驱动机械性能、环境耐受性、多模态刺激响应性和可穿戴电子设备的发电能力

导电水凝胶的内部摩擦大、在冷冻温度下性能差、储存过程中长期蒸发等缺陷限制了其在可穿戴电子产品中的应用。在此,通过一锅凝胶辅助聚合方法制备了双交联淀粉/PAM/硼砂/甘油离子水凝胶。淀粉通过氢键相互作用和接枝共聚支持 PAM 适应甘油/水二元溶剂体系,而硼酸酯键作为交联位点。有趣的是,离子水凝胶在很宽的温度范围(-60-80 °C)内表现出极低的内摩擦(0.5 kJ m -3)和出色的环境耐受性。引人注目的是,Na 2 B 4 O 7的电离对二元溶剂系统中的温度和湿度变化敏感,这也有助于离子水凝胶达到较低的凝固点和较高的蒸发温度。离子水凝胶在-40 °C 时具有可观的导电性(21.1 mS m -1)和良好的机械性能(拉伸强度:332 kPa;断裂伸长率:514%)。利用 Na +和 B(OH) 4-的这些特殊特性和稳定的传输通道,组装好的传感器可以有效地检测湿度(20-98%)、温度和应变的变化,具有高灵敏度,模拟人体皮肤的敏感性。值得注意的是,使用离子水凝胶制造的单电极 TENG 在不同类型的变形下表现出优异的能量收集能力。这项工作为获得具有高ΔR / R 0灵敏度的多功能离子水凝胶提供了一种有效的策略,可用于极端环境条件下的自供电可穿戴电子设备。
更新日期:2022-08-11
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