To investigate the use of biomass in the novel HIsarna technology, the reduction of FeO in the slag by chars produced from thermal coal (TC), charcoal (CC), and Bana grass char (BGC) was studied. A drop tube furnace coupled with a quadrupole mass spectrometer (DTF-QMS) was employed to study the injection of chars into pre-melted slag in the temperature range between 1450 °C and 1525 °C. The reduction rate was calculated from evolved gases and the extent of FeO reduction was confirmed by wavelength-dispersive X-ray fluorescence (WDXRF). The FeO reduction proceeds through two stages, starting with a rapid reduction, which is dependent on the carbon type, and followed by gradual leveling off. The reduction rate with the charcoal char (CC) was the highest, over 60 pct reduction was achieved in the first 500 seconds at 1500 °C, while ~ 50 and 40 pct achieved with TC and BGC chars, respectively, for the same reaction time. The kinetic analysis suggests that the first and second stages of the reaction can be described by the second-order (F2) and three-dimensional diffusion (D3) models, respectively. The apparent activation energy values for the first stage were 290, 229 and 267 kJ/mol for reactions with TC, CC and BGC chars, while 265, 369, and 282 kJ/mol were obtained for the second stage. Based on the experimental data and kinetic results, it can be concluded that the first stage is controlled by chemical reactions on the carbon surface, and the second stage is influenced by a mixed-controlling mechanism.

为了研究生物质在新型 HIsarna 技术中的使用，研究了由动力煤 (TC)、木炭 (CC) 和巴纳草炭 (BGC) 生产的炭对渣中 FeO 的还原。采用滴管式炉与四极杆质谱仪 (DTF-QMS) 相结合，研究在 1450 °C 至 1525 °C 的温度范围内将炭注入预熔渣中。从放出的气体计算还原率，并通过波长色散 X 射线荧光 (WDXRF) 确认 Fe2O 还原的程度。FeO 还原经历两个阶段，从快速还原开始，这取决于碳类型，然后逐渐趋于平稳。木炭 (CC) 的还原率最高，在 1500 °C 的前 500 秒内还原率超过 60%，而 TC 和 BGC 炭在相同的反应时间内分别达到了 ~ 50 和 40 pct。动力学分析表明，反应的第一和第二阶段可以分别用二阶（F2）和三维扩散（D3）模型来描述。对于与 TC、CC 和 BGC 炭的反应，第一阶段的表观活化能值为 290、229 和 267 kJ/mol，而第二阶段的表观活化能值为 265、369 和 282 kJ/mol。根据实验数据和动力学结果，可以得出结论，第一阶段受碳表面化学反应控制，第二阶段受混合控制机制影响。动力学分析表明，反应的第一和第二阶段可以分别用二阶（F2）和三维扩散（D3）模型来描述。对于与 TC、CC 和 BGC 炭的反应，第一阶段的表观活化能值为 290、229 和 267 kJ/mol，而第二阶段的表观活化能值为 265、369 和 282 kJ/mol。根据实验数据和动力学结果，可以得出结论，第一阶段受碳表面化学反应控制，第二阶段受混合控制机制影响。动力学分析表明，反应的第一和第二阶段可以分别用二阶（F2）和三维扩散（D3）模型来描述。对于与 TC、CC 和 BGC 炭的反应，第一阶段的表观活化能值为 290、229 和 267 kJ/mol，而第二阶段的表观活化能值为 265、369 和 282 kJ/mol。根据实验数据和动力学结果，可以得出结论，第一阶段受碳表面化学反应控制，第二阶段受混合控制机制影响。第二阶段获得 282 kJ/mol。根据实验数据和动力学结果，可以得出结论，第一阶段受碳表面化学反应控制，第二阶段受混合控制机制影响。第二阶段获得 282 kJ/mol。根据实验数据和动力学结果，可以得出结论，第一阶段受碳表面化学反应控制，第二阶段受混合控制机制影响。