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Impaired Proteolysis of Noncanonical RAS Proteins Drives Clonal Hematopoietic Transformation
Cancer Discovery ( IF 28.2 ) Pub Date : 2022-07-29 , DOI: 10.1158/2159-8290.cd-21-1631
Sisi Chen 1 , Rahul S Vedula 2 , Antonio Cuevas-Navarro 3 , Bin Lu 1 , Simon J Hogg 1 , Eric Wang 1 , Salima Benbarche 1 , Katherine Knorr 1 , Won Jun Kim 1 , Robert F Stanley 1 , Hana Cho 1 , Caroline Erickson 1 , Michael Singer 1 , Dan Cui 1 , Steven Tittley 1 , Benjamin H Durham 1 , Tatiana S Pavletich 1 , Elise Fiala 4 , Michael F Walsh 4 , Daichi Inoue 5 , Sebastien Monette 6 , Justin Taylor 7 , Neal Rosen 8 , Frank McCormick 3 , R Coleman Lindsley 2 , Pau Castel 3, 9 , Omar Abdel-Wahab 1
Affiliation  

Recently, screens for mediators of resistance to FLT3 and ABL kinase inhibitors in leukemia resulted in the discovery of LZTR1 as an adapter of a Cullin-3 RING E3 ubiquitin ligase complex responsible for the degradation of RAS GTPases. In parallel, dysregulated LZTR1 expression via aberrant splicing and mutations was identified in clonal hematopoietic conditions. Here we identify that loss of LZTR1, or leukemia-associated mutants in the LZTR1 substrate and RAS GTPase RIT1 that escape degradation, drives hematopoietic stem cell (HSC) expansion and leukemia in vivo. Although RIT1 stabilization was sufficient to drive hematopoietic transformation, transformation mediated by LZTR1 loss required MRAS. Proteolysis targeting chimeras (PROTAC) against RAS or reduction of GTP-loaded RAS overcomes LZTR1 loss-mediated resistance to FLT3 inhibitors. These data reveal proteolysis of noncanonical RAS proteins as novel regulators of HSC self-renewal, define the function of RIT1 and LZTR1 mutations in leukemia, and identify means to overcome drug resistance due to LZTR1 downregulation. Significance: Here we identify that impairing proteolysis of the noncanonical RAS GTPases RIT1 and MRAS via LZTR1 downregulation or leukemia-associated mutations stabilizing RIT1 enhances MAP kinase activation and drives leukemogenesis. Reducing the abundance of GTP-bound KRAS and NRAS overcomes the resistance to FLT3 kinase inhibitors associated with LZTR1 downregulation in leukemia. This article is highlighted in the In This Issue feature, p. 2221

中文翻译:

非经典 RAS 蛋白的蛋白水解受损可驱动克隆造血转化

最近,对白血病中 FLT3 和 ABL 激酶抑制剂耐药性介质的筛选发现 LZTR1 作为负责 RAS GTPases 降解的 Cullin-3 RING E3 泛素连接酶复合物的接头。与此同时,在克隆造血条件下发现了通过异常剪接和突变导致的 LZTR1 表达失调。在这里,我们确定了 LZTR1 或 LZTR1 底物中的白血病相关突变体和 RAS GTPase RIT1 的丢失,这些突变体逃脱了降解,驱动了体内造血干细胞 (HSC) 扩增和白血病。尽管 RIT1 稳定足以驱动造血转化,但 LZTR1 缺失介导的转化需要 MRAS。针对 RAS 的蛋白水解靶向嵌合体 (PROTAC) 或减少 GTP 负载的 RAS 克服了 LZTR1 丢失介导的对 FLT3 抑制剂的耐药性。这些数据揭示了非经典 RAS 蛋白的蛋白水解作为 HSC 自我更新的新型调节剂,定义了 RIT1 和 LZTR1 突变在白血病中的功能,并确定了克服 LZTR1 下调所致耐药性的方法。意义:在这里,我们发现,通过 LZTR1 下调或稳定 RIT1 的白血病相关突变,损害非经典 RAS GTPases RIT1 和 MRAS 的蛋白水解作用,增强 MAP 激酶激活并驱动白血病发生。减少 GTP 结合的 KRAS 和 NRAS 的丰度可以克服与白血病中 LZTR1 下调相关的 FLT3 激酶抑制剂耐药性。这篇文章在本期特稿中重点介绍,第 17 页。2221
更新日期:2022-07-29
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