Trials of psychological interventions targeting distressing voices have used a range of variables to measure outcomes. This has complicated attempts to compare outcomes across trials and to evaluate the effectiveness of these interventions. Therefore, this review aimed to identify the variables that have been used to measure the longitudinal course and impact of voice hearing under these interventions and to evaluate how these variables change over time. Inclusion and exclusion criteria were applied, resulting in a total of 66 articles. Of these, 60 studies (28 RCTs, 23 uncontrolled, 9 non-randomised) were published in peer-reviewed journals, whilst 6 were recently completed or currently ongoing. The findings of this review suggest that a range of variables that are not directly relevant to psychological interventions have been used (e.g., depression, characteristics of voice hearing experience), whilst those directly impacted by psychological interventions (e.g., voice-related distress), broader concepts of outcome (e.g., functioning) and specific associated processes (e.g., self-schema) have received less attention. Findings also showed that the majority of variables demonstrated improvements, but effect sizes varied considerably across trials. This may be attributed to methodological differences such as statistical power, blinding, control groups and different methods of measurement. Our review highlights the importance of determining a set of outcomes that are directly targeted and should change under psychological interventions. Recommendations include the use of voice-related distress as a primary outcome. This can ultimately facilitate comparisons across studies and inform the development of psychological interventions.

针对令人痛苦的声音的心理干预试验使用了一系列变量来衡量结果。这使得比较试验结果和评估这些干预措施的有效性的尝试变得复杂。因此，本综述旨在确定在这些干预措施下用于测量语音听力的纵向过程和影响的变量，并评估这些变量如何随时间变化。应用纳入和排除标准，共产生 66 篇文章。其中，60 项研究（28 项 RCT，23 项非对照，9 项非随机）发表在同行评审期刊上，而 6 项研究最近完成或正在进行中。本综述的结果表明，已经使用了一系列与心理干预不直接相关的变量（例如，抑郁症，声音听觉体验的特征），而那些直接受到心理干预（例如，与声音相关的痛苦）、更广泛的结果概念（例如，功能）和特定相关过程（例如，自我图式）影响的人受到的关注较少。调查结果还表明，大多数变量都表现出改善，但不同试验的效果大小差异很大。这可能归因于方法学差异，例如统计功效、盲法、对照组和不同的测量方法。我们的审查强调了确定一组直接针对并应在心理干预下改变的结果的重要性。建议包括使用语音相关的痛苦作为主要结果。