The biogeographical origins of the endemic birds of New Zealand (Aotearoa) are of great interest, particularly Palaeogene lineages such as Callaeidae, a passerine family characterized by brightly coloured wattles behind the beak and, in some cases, extreme sexual dimorphism in bill size and shape. Ancestral representatives of Callaeidae are thought to have split from their closest relatives outside New Zealand in the Oligocene, but little is known about the timing of divergences within the family. We present a fully dated molecular phylogeny of Callaeidae mitogenomes and discuss the biogeographical implications. Our results suggest that formation of Pliocene marine seaways, such as the Manawatu Strait, are likely to have played a significant role in the differentiation of North Island and South Island kōkako (Callaeas spp.) and saddlebacks/tīeke (Philesturnus spp.).

中文翻译：

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有丝分裂基因组解决了新西兰特有的Callaeidae（Aves：Passerida）内的系统地理学和分歧时间

新西兰特有鸟类（Aotearoa）的生物地理起源引起了极大的兴趣，特别是古近纪血统，例如 Callaeidae，这是一种雀形目科，其特征是喙后面有鲜艳的肉垂，在某些情况下，喙的大小和形状具有极端的性别二态性. 人们认为Callaeidae的祖先代表在渐新世与新西兰以外的最近亲属分离，但对家族内部分歧的时间知之甚少。我们提出了Callaeidae mitogenomes 的完全过时的分子系统发育并讨论了生物地理意义。我们的研究结果表明，上新世海洋航道的形成，如马纳瓦图海峡，可能在北岛和南岛 kōkako (Callaeas spp.