Gaze stabilization compensates for movements of the head or external environment to minimize image blurring. Multisensory information stabilizes the scene on the retina via the vestibulo-ocular (VOR) and optokinetic (OKR) reflexes. While the organization of neuronal circuits underlying VOR is well-described across vertebrates, less is known about the contribution and evolution of the OKR and the basic structures allowing visuo-vestibular integration. To analyze these neuronal pathways underlying visuo-vestibular integration, we developed a setup using a lamprey eye-brain-labyrinth preparation, which allowed coordinating electrophysiological recordings, vestibular stimulation with a moving platform, and visual stimulation via screens. Lampreys exhibit robust visuo-vestibular integration, with optokinetic information processed in the pretectum that can be downregulated from tectum. Visual and vestibular inputs are integrated at several subcortical levels. Additionally, saccades are present in the form of nystagmus. Thus, all basic components of the visuo-vestibular control of gaze were present already at the dawn of vertebrate evolution.

凝视稳定功能可补偿头部或外部环境的移动，以最大程度地减少图像模糊。多感官信息通过前庭眼 (VOR) 和视动 (OKR) 反射稳定视网膜上的场景。虽然 VOR 下的神经元回路的组织在脊椎动物中得到了很好的描述，但对 OKR 的贡献和进化以及允许视觉前庭整合的基本结构知之甚少。为了分析这些视觉-前庭整合的神经元通路，我们开发了一种使用七鳃鳗眼-脑-迷路制剂的装置，该装置允许协调电生理记录、使用移动平台的前庭刺激以及通过屏幕进行视觉刺激。七鳃鳗表现出强大的视觉前庭整合，在顶盖中处理的视动信息可以从顶盖下调。视觉和前庭输入集成在几个皮层下水平。此外，扫视以眼球震颤的形式存在。因此，在脊椎动物进化的初期，视觉前庭控制凝视的所有基本成分都已经存在。