Infections caused by antimicrobial resistance are a serious problem in the world. Currently, commercial devices for antimicrobial susceptibility testing and resistant bacteria identification are time-consuming. There is an urgent need to develop fast and accurate methods, especially in the process of sample pretreatment. Electrokinetic (EK) is a family of electric-field-based kinetic phenomena of fluid or embedded objects, and EK applications have been found in various fields. In this paper, EK bacteria manipulation, including enrichment and separation, is reviewed. Focus is given to the rapid electric-based minimum inhibitory concentration measurement. The future directions and major challenges in this field are also outlined.

中文翻译：

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抗菌素耐药性分析中的电动力学：综述

由抗生素耐药性引起的感染是世界上一个严重的问题。目前，用于抗菌药敏试验和耐药菌鉴定的商业设备非常耗时。迫切需要开发快速准确的方法，尤其是在样品前处理过程中。电动 (EK) 是流体或嵌入物体的一系列基于电场的动力学现象，并且 EK 应用已在各个领域被发现。本文综述了 EK 细菌操作，包括富集和分离。重点是基于电的快速最小抑菌浓度测量。还概述了该领域的未来方向和主要挑战。