Cooperative coupling of photocatalytic H₂O₂ production with organic synthesis has an expansive perspective in converting solar energy into storable chemical energy. However, traditional powder photocatalysts suffer from severe agglomeration, limited light absorption, poor gas reactant accessibility, and reusable difficulty, which greatly hinders their large-scale application. Herein, floatable composite photocatalysts are synthesized by immobilizing hydrophobic TiO₂ and Bi₂O₃ on lightweight polystyrene (PS) spheres via hydrothermal and photodeposition methods. The floatable photocatalysts are not only solar transparent, but also upgrade the contact between reactants and photocatalysts. Thus, the floatable step-scheme (S-scheme) TiO₂/Bi₂O₃ photocatalyst exhibits a drastically enhanced H₂O₂ yield of 1.15 mm h⁻¹ and decent furfuryl alcohol conversion to furoic acid synchronously. Furthermore, the S-scheme mechanism and dynamics are systematically investigated by in situ irradiated X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy and femtosecond transient absorption spectrum analyses. In situ Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy and density functional theory calculations reveal the mechanism of furoic acid evolution. The ingenious design of floatable photocatalysts not only furnishes insight into maximizing photocatalytic reaction kinetics but also provides a new route for highly efficient heterogeneous catalysis.

中文翻译：

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可漂浮聚苯乙烯球负载 TiO2/Bi2O3 S 型光催化剂上 H2O2 生产和有机合成的协同耦合

光催化H ₂ O ₂生产与有机合成的协同耦合在将太阳能转化为可储存的化学能方面具有广阔的前景。然而，传统的粉末光催化剂存在团聚严重、光吸收受限、气体反应物可及性差、难以重复使用等问题，极大地阻碍了其大规模应用。本文通过固定疏水性TiO ₂和Bi ₂ O _{3合成了可漂浮的复合光催化剂。}通过水热法和光沉积法对轻质聚苯乙烯 (PS) 球体进行研究。可漂浮的光催化剂不仅是太阳能透明的，而且还提高了反应物和光催化剂之间的接触。因此，可漂浮的阶梯式（S-scheme）TiO ₂ /Bi ₂ O ₃光催化剂表现出显着提高的H ₂ O ₂产率，达到1.15 m m h ^-1和适当的糠醇同步转化为糠酸。此外，通过原位辐照 X 射线光电子能谱和飞秒瞬态吸收光谱分析系统地研究了 S 方案机制和动力学。原位傅里叶变换红外光谱和密度泛函理论计算揭示了糠酸的演化机理。可漂浮光催化剂的巧妙设计不仅为最大化光催化反应动力学提供了见解，而且为高效多相催化提供了新途径。