Background: 

The critical time to continue or stop breastfeeding is during the first month after hospital discharge. Mothers receive lactation and physical support by fathers and others bottle-feeding human or formula milk to their infants.

Purpose: 

To describe the effect of feeders (mothers, fathers, and others) and different milk feeding on infants' weekly exclusive breastfeeding rates, from birth to 1 month after discharge.

Methods: 

This study was a secondary analysis of a descriptive longitudinal study of mothers' (full-term: n = 77; late preterm: n = 39) breastfeeding experience, frequency of feeding, and infant feeding behaviors. Mothers completed a weekly questionnaire of who (mothers, fathers, and others) fed their infants human or formula milk by direct breastfeeding or bottle-feeding.

Results: 

More than 60% of mothers reported fathers and others bottle-fed their infants. Exclusive breastfeeding rates were significantly higher when only mothers fed their infants at week 1 (P < .001), week 3 (P < .05), and week 4 (P < .05). Exclusive breastfeeding rates were negatively affected across time by bottle-feeding any human or formula milk for all feeders. When fathers bottle-fed their infants at week 1, the relative rates of exclusive breastfeeding at week 4 decreased to 52% (OR = 0.103; 95% CI, 0.26-0.404; P < .0001).

Implication for Practice: 

Individuals providing early bottle-feeding adversely affect breastfeeding outcomes. Providers need to address maternal and paternal knowledge gaps about early breastfeeding practice.

Implications for Research: 

Further research is needed to explore clinical standard of care for management of infant weight loss, early supplementation, and support of exclusive breastfeeding outcomes.

中文翻译：

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出生后第一个月喂养者与纯母乳喂养和混合喂养的关系

背景： 

继续或停止母乳喂养的关键时期是出院后的第一个月。母亲接受父亲和其他用奶瓶喂养婴儿的母乳或配方奶的哺乳和身体支持。

目的： 

描述喂养者（母亲、父亲和其他人）和不同的母乳喂养对婴儿从出生到出院后 1 个月每周纯母乳喂养率的影响。

方法： 

本研究是对母亲（足月：n = 77；晚期早产：n = 39）母乳喂养经历、喂养频率和婴儿喂养行为的描述性纵向研究的二次分析。母亲们每周完成一份调查问卷，了解谁（母亲、父亲和其他人）通过直接母乳喂养或奶瓶喂养喂养婴儿母乳或配方奶。

结果： 

超过 60% 的母亲表示父亲和其他人用奶瓶喂养婴儿。当仅母亲在第 1 周 ( P < .001)、第 3 周 ( P < .05) 和第 4 周 ( P < .05)喂养婴儿时，纯母乳喂养率显着较高。随着时间的推移，所有喂养者用奶瓶喂养任何母乳或配方奶都会对纯母乳喂养率产生负面影响。当父亲在第 1 周用奶瓶喂养婴儿时，第 4 周纯母乳喂养的相对率下降至 52%（OR = 0.103；95% CI，0.26-0.404；P < .0001 ）。

实践意义： 

早期进行奶瓶喂养会对母乳喂养结果产生不利影响。提供者需要解决母亲和父亲关于早期母乳喂养实践的知识差距。

对研究的影响： 

需要进一步的研究来探索管理婴儿体重减轻、早期补充和支持纯母乳喂养结果的临床护理标准。