The problem of frequency-dependent seismic inversion for estimating attenuation and anisotropy based on rock physics effective model is reviewed and analyzed. Based on an extended periodically layered medium model, frequency-dependent stiffness parameters of anisotropic anelastic media as a function of attenuation factor and weaknesses are presented. For the case of an interface separating two anisotropic anelastic media, a new parameterized P-to-P reflection coefficient and anisotropic anelastic impedance \({\mathcal {A}}_\mathrm{EI}\) are proposed. Based on the anisotropic \({\mathcal {A}}_\mathrm{EI}\), an inversion workflow of employing frequency components of seismic amplitudes to estimate attenuation factor and weaknesses for anisotropic anelastic media is presented. In the first stage inversion, the anisotropic \({\mathcal {A}}_\mathrm{EI}\) is calculated using frequency components of partially incidence-angle-stacked seismic data; and the second-stage inversion for unknown attenuation factor and weaknesses is implemented combining a Newton method and Bayesian Markov chain Monte Carlo algorithm by calculating first- and second-order derivatives of anisotropic \({\mathcal {A}}_\mathrm{EI}\) with respect to unknown parameters. Tests on synthetic seismic gathers confirm the accuracy of new parameterized reflection coefficient, and the unknown parameters are estimated reliably even in the case of seismic data of signal-to-noise ratio of 2 being employed. Applying the inversion approach and workflow to a field data set acquired over a shale reservoir, reliable attenuation factors and weaknesses that match well log curves are obtained, which are preserved as indicators for identifying potential hydrocarbon-bearing cracked reservoirs.

回顾分析了基于岩石物理有效模型的频率相关地震反演估计衰减和各向异性的问题。基于扩展的周期性分层介质模型，提出了各向异性非弹性介质的频率相关刚度参数与衰减因子和弱点的关系。针对界面分离两种各向异性非弹性介质的情况，提出了一种新的参数化P到P反射系数和各向异性非弹性阻抗\({\mathcal {A}}_\mathrm{EI}\)。基于各向异性\({\mathcal {A}}_\mathrm{EI}\)，提出了一种利用地震振幅的频率分量来估计各向异性非弹性介质的衰减因子和弱点的反演工作流程。在第一阶段反演中，使用部分入射角叠加地震数据的频率分量计算各向异性\({\mathcal {A}}_\mathrm{EI}\) ；并且通过计算各向异性\({\mathcal {A}}_\mathrm{EI }\)关于未知参数。合成地震道集的测试证实了新参数化反射系数的准确性，即使在使用信噪比为2的地震数据的情况下，未知参数也能可靠估计。将反演方法和工作流程应用于页岩储层采集的现场数据集，获得与测井曲线匹配的可靠衰减因子和弱点，作为识别潜在含烃裂化储层的指标。