The aim of this article is to present a review of the development and application of superhydrophobic insulation for outdoor high-voltage applications. The methods of preparing insulation exhibiting superhydrophobic properties to mitigate the pollution problem under high voltages in the outdoors are explored. In addition, the existing evaluation techniques at the material development stage are reviewed and potential new modifications are discussed. The self-cleaning and anti-icing properties, the electrical performance, and prospects of superhydrophobic insulators are also addressed. Although superhydrophobic insulators may show promising behavior in small-scale laboratory conditions that do not use electrical stress, the effect of surface micro–nano structure responsible for the superhydrophobicity on the performance under the actual outdoor and weathering conditions under voltage remains to be fully understood and verified. Therefore, there is a need to verify the feasibility of superhydrophobic insulators for outdoor high-voltage applications with a solid evaluation protocol, while using material screening methods in the laboratory, and with reference to field experience.

中文翻译：

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超疏水户外保温材料的开发与应用：综述

本文的目的是回顾超疏水绝缘在户外高压应用中的开发和应用。探索了制备具有超疏水特性的绝缘材料的方法，以减轻户外高压下的污染问题。此外，还回顾了材料开发阶段的现有评估技术，并讨论了潜在的新修改。还讨论了超疏水绝缘体的自清洁和防冰性能、电性能和前景。尽管超疏水绝缘体在不使用电应力的小规模实验室条件下可能表现出有希望的行为，导致超疏水性的​​表面微纳米结构对实际户外和电压下风化条件下性能的影响仍有待充分理解和验证。因此，需要在实验室使用材料筛选方法并参考现场经验的同时，通过可靠的评估协议验证超疏水绝缘子在户外高压应用中的可行性。