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From the plantation to the deep blue sea: Naturalising debt, ordinary disasters, and postplantation ecologies in the Caribbean
The Geographical Journal ( IF 3.384 ) Pub Date : 2022-08-01 , DOI: 10.1111/geoj.12470
Keston K. Perry 1
Affiliation  

This paper critically assesses debt as a response to ecological, fiscal, and climate disasters that have emerged within the ‘blue economy’ agenda in the Caribbean. Caribbean countries routinely suffer major losses of life, internal social and economic displacement, increased debt burdens, and significant economic damages due to hurricanes and ecological disasters in the context of an ongoing fiscal crisis. In response, regional public and national agencies have proposed ‘blue economy’ initiatives to address the regional need for finance, to rejuvenate financial flows, and to compensate for extremely constrained fiscal resources and externally imposed austerity (or debt bondage). Major recent hurricanes and ecological shocks illustrate uneven and interconnected spatial histories of anti-Black dispossession, disenfranchisement, and deprivation, offering important empirical terrain from which to appreciate how contemporary ‘disasters’ have become new means to extend hierarchical plantation formations to the seascape through debt-driven finance and austerity. The paper demonstrates the ways in which coercive financial instruments like catastrophe insurance, debt swaps, ‘blue bonds’, and traditional public debt constitute tools to further integrate these societies differentially into racialised financial geographies and entrench a coloniality of being. As traditional plantation structures become exhausted and lack capacity to effectively ensure growth, these innovative finance mechanisms are required for ‘blue’ accumulation. We situate spiralling debt burdens and these new instruments spurred by socially produced and postcolonial disasters within postplantation ecologies that describe socio-political relations and spatial dependencies linked to interwoven logics of disaster-based financial capitalism that seek to extend the extractive capacity of the plantation anew. These arrangements tend to naturalise and render disaster, death, and debt as ordinary events and obligations arising from postcolonial statehood, and take for granted their origins in racialised plantation structures.

中文翻译:

从种植园到深蓝色的海洋:加勒比地区的债务、普通灾害和种植后生态的自然化

本文批判性地评估了债务作为对加勒比地区“蓝色经济”议程中出现的生态、财政和气候灾难的反应。在持续的财政危机背景下,加勒比国家经常遭受飓风和生态灾难造成的重大生命损失、内部社会和经济流离失所、债务负担增加以及重大经济损失。作为回应,地区公共和国家机构提出了“蓝色经济”倡议,以解决该地区的金融需求,振兴资金流动,并补偿极其有限的财政资源和外部强加的紧缩政策(或债务束缚)。最近发生的重大飓风和生态冲击说明了反黑人剥夺、剥夺公民权和剥夺的不平衡且相互关联的空间历史,提供了重要的经验领域,从中可以理解当代“灾难”如何成为通过债务将等级种植园形态扩展到海景的新手段-驱动的金融和紧缩政策。本文展示了巨灾保险、债务互换、“蓝色债券”和传统公共债务等强制性金融工具如何构成进一步将这些社会差异化地融入种族化金融地理并巩固存在殖民性的工具。随着传统种植园结构的枯竭,缺乏有效保证增长的能力,“蓝色”积累需要这些创新的融资机制。我们将不断上升的债务负担和这些由社会产生的和后殖民灾难引发的新工具置于种植后生态中,这些生态描述了与基于灾害的金融资本主义的交织逻辑相关的社会政治关系和空间依赖性,旨在重新扩展种植园的采掘能力。这些安排倾向于将灾难、死亡和债务自然化并呈现为后殖民国家地位产生的普通事件和义务,并理所当然地认为它们起源于种族化的种植园结构。
更新日期:2022-08-01
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