The occurrence of errors, complications, and adverse effects may occur as a consequence of single or multiple events related to the clinician and/or patient. Apparently, the amount of dental literature on these undesirable outcomes has not been as prolific as that obtained for conventional primary periodontal outcome measures. This review explores the potential reasons for the lack of studies reporting on errors and complications in periodontal and implant therapy, as well as other noteworthy methodological aspects, to enlighten their impact on the selection of the best (or most appropriate) “gold standard” periodontal/implant-related treatment options, and on the overall decision-making process. The following points were addressed: (a) the importance of reporting errors and complications in clinical research; (b) the adequate reporting of errors and complications in periodontology and dental implantology; and (c) efficacy trials vs effectiveness studies and their impact on the assessment and report of periodontal and implant treatment-related risks and complications.

中文翻译：

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为什么缺乏关于牙周和种植治疗中的错误和并发症的证据？

错误、并发症和不良反应的发生可能由于与临床医生和/或患者相关的单个或多个事件而发生。显然，关于这些不良结果的牙科文献数量并不像传统的初级牙周结果测量那样丰富。本综述探讨了缺乏关于牙周和种植治疗的错误和并发症的研究的潜在原因，以及其他值得注意的方法学方面，以启发它们对选择最佳（或最合适）“金标准”牙周治疗的影响/种植相关的治疗方案，以及整体决策过程。讨论了以下几点： (a) 报告临床研究中的错误和并发症的重要性；(b) 充分报告牙周病学和牙科种植学中的错误和并发症；(c) 功效试验与有效性研究及其对牙周和种植治疗相关风险和并发症的评估和报告的影响。