Risk is part of all health professions and generally indicates the chance of getting some form of illness. For dental practitioners this includes periodontitis or peri-implantitis, the focus of this issue. Many risk factors are involved in the development of disease and most likely interact or overlap. Most patients will probably have multiple risk factors, some of which will be the same for both periodontitis and peri-implantitis. The most recent classification of periodontal disease recognises the importance of risk factors and contemporary dental practice requires that clinicians be aware of and manage them. Broadly speaking risk factors can be patient, environment or practitioner related. Patient risk factors would include socio-economic status, smoking, substance use disorders, diabetes, diet and dietary supplements, mental health disorders, old age, poor home dental care or understanding of the need for good home care and use of medications. Environmental modification of the host response through gene function is an emerging risk factor. Lastly, practitioner-related factors in implant dentistry are now known to affect risk. These would include the use of digital technology, but patient related factors such implant location and the body’s reaction to an implant itself add to the risk of developing disease. This edition of Periodontology provides an uptodate review of many of these risk factors and their impact summarising current knowledge.

中文翻译：

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牙周炎和种植体周围炎的危险因素

风险是所有卫生专业的一部分，通常表示患某种疾病的可能性。对于牙科医生，这包括牙周炎或种植体周围炎，这是本期的重点。许多风险因素与疾病的发展有关，并且很可能相互作用或重叠。大多数患者可能有多种风险因素，其中一些对于牙周炎和种植体周围炎是相同的。牙周病的最新分类认识到风险因素的重要性，当代牙科实践要求临床医生了解并管理这些因素。从广义上讲，风险因素可能与患者、环境或从业者有关。患者的风险因素包括社会经济地位、吸烟、物质使用障碍、糖尿病、饮食和膳食补充剂、精神健康障碍、年老、家庭牙科护理不佳或了解需要良好的家庭护理和使用药物。通过基因功能改变宿主反应的环境是一个新出现的风险因素。最后，现在已知种植牙中与从业者相关的因素会影响风险。这些将包括数字技术的使用，但与患者相关的因素，如植入物位置和身体对植入物本身的反应，会增加患上疾病的风险。本期牙周病学对其中许多风险因素及其影响进行了最新回顾，总结了当前知识。现在已知种植牙中与从业者相关的因素会影响风险。这些将包括数字技术的使用，但与患者相关的因素，如植入物位置和身体对植入物本身的反应，会增加患上疾病的风险。本期牙周病学对其中许多风险因素及其影响进行了最新回顾，总结了当前知识。现在已知种植牙中与从业者相关的因素会影响风险。这些将包括数字技术的使用，但与患者相关的因素，如植入物位置和身体对植入物本身的反应，会增加患上疾病的风险。本期牙周病学对其中许多风险因素及其影响进行了最新回顾，总结了当前知识。