Periodontitis is a disease characterized by tooth-associated microbial biofilms that drive chronic inflammation and destruction of periodontal-supporting tissues. In some individuals, disease progression can lead to tooth loss. A similar condition can occur around dental implants in the form of peri-implantitis. The immune response to bacterial challenges is not only influenced by genetic factors, but also by environmental factors. Epigenetics involves the study of gene function independent of changes to the DNA sequence and its associated proteins, and represents a critical link between genetic and environmental factors. Epigenetic modifications have been shown to contribute to the progression of several diseases, including chronic inflammatory diseases like periodontitis and peri-implantitis. This review aims to present the latest findings on epigenetic influences on periodontitis and to discuss potential mechanisms that may influence peri-implantitis, given the paucity of information currently available.

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表观遗传学对牙周炎和种植体周围炎发病机制的影响

牙周炎是一种以牙齿相关的微生物生物膜为特征的疾病，可驱动慢性炎症和牙周支持组织的破坏。在某些人中，疾病进展会导致牙齿脱落。种植体周围也会出现类似的情况，即种植体周围炎。对细菌挑战的免疫反应不仅受遗传因素的影响，还受环境因素的影响。表观遗传学涉及独立于 DNA 序列及其相关蛋白质变化的基因功能研究，并代表了遗传和环境因素之间的关键联系。表观遗传修饰已被证明有助于多种疾病的进展，包括牙周炎和种植体周围炎等慢性炎症性疾病。