Kidney length normative values — new percentiles by age and body surface area in Central European children and adolescents,Pediatric Nephrology

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Kidney length normative values — new percentiles by age and body surface area in Central European children and adolescents
Pediatric Nephrology ( IF 3 ) Pub Date : 2022-08-08 , DOI: 10.1007/s00467-022-05667-2
Łukasz Obrycki ₁ , Jędrzej Sarnecki ₂ , Marianna Lichosik ₁ , Małgorzata Sopińska ₃ , Małgorzata Placzyńska ₃ , Małgorzata Stańczyk ₄ , Julia Mirecka ₄ , Agnieszka Wasilewska ₅ , Maciej Michalski ₅ , Weronika Lewandowska ₆ , Tadeusz Dereziński ₆ , Michał Pac ₁ , Natalia Szwarc ₇ , Karol Annusewicz ₈ , Viktoriia Rekuta ₈ , Karolis Ažukaitis ₉ , Andrius Čekuolis ₁₀ , Aldona Wierzbicka ₁₁ , Augustina Jankauskiene ₉ , Bolesław Kalicki ₃ , Katarzyna Jobs ₃ , Marcin Tkaczyk ₄ , Janusz Feber ₁₂ , Mieczysław Litwin _{1,

13}

Affiliation

Department of Nephrology, Kidney Transplantation and Hypertension, Children's Memorial Health Institute, al. Dzieci Polskich 20, 04-730, Warsaw, Poland.
Department of Radiology, Children's Memorial Health Institute, Warsaw, Poland.
Department of Paediatrics, Paediatric Nephrology and Allergology, The Military Institute of Medicine, Warsaw, Poland.
Department of Pediatrics, Immunology and Nephrology, Polish Mother's Memorial Hospital Research Institute, Łódź, Poland.
Department of Radiology, Polish Mother's Memorial Hospital Research Institute, Lodz, Poland.
Outpatient Clinic "Esculap", Gniewkowo, Poland.
Department of Pediatrics, Jan Bogdanowicz Children's Hospital, Warsaw, Poland.
Department of Paediatrics, Nutrition and Metabolic Diseases, Children's Memorial Health Institute, Warsaw, Poland.
Clinic of Pediatrics, Faculty of Medicine, Vilnius University, Vilnius, Lithuania.
Department of Pediatric Radiology, Vilnius University Hospital Santaros Clinics, Vilnius, Lithuania.
Department of Biochemistry and Experimental Medicine, Children's Memorial Health Institute, Warsaw, Poland.
Division of Nephrology, Department of Pediatrics, The Children's Hospital of Eastern Ontario, Ottawa, Canada.
Medical Center for Postgraduate Education, Warsaw, Poland.

Background

Kidney size evaluation is an essential examination in pediatric nephrology. While body length/height is the best predictor of kidney length, age-based and body surface area (BSA)–based normative values may be useful in clinical practice or research. This study aimed to establish ultrasound-based kidney length lambda-mu-sigma (LMS) percentiles by age and BSA in healthy children.

Methods

In 1758 Polish and Lithuanian children (868 boys, 49%) aged 0–19 years, kidney length was measured using ultrasonography. In all participants, anthropometric measurements were taken and kidney function was evaluated based on serum creatinine concentration. Participants with chronic or kidney diseases, abnormal kidney function, or pathologies in sonographic examination were excluded from the analysis.

Results

Kidney length (median kidney length) increased progressively from infancy to the age of 18 years, from 60.1 to 114.2 mm in males, and from 57.3 to 105.2 mm in females. A gradual increase of kidney length (50^th percentile) in relation to BSA (from 46.1 mm in infants with a BSA of 0–1.2 m² to 118.3 mm in adolescents with a BSA of 2.6–2.8 m²) was also observed. LMS percentiles by age (stratified by sex) and BSA were determined and presented as graphs and tables of percentiles and LMS parameters by 1-year age intervals and 0.2 m² of BSA, respectively.

Conclusions

We present the first age- and BSA-based kidney length LMS normative values based on the largest pediatric cohort to date, which can be used in both clinical practice and research studies.

Graphical abstract

A higher resolution version of the Graphical abstract is available as Supplementary information

中文翻译：

肾脏长度标准值——中欧儿童和青少年按年龄和体表面积划分的新百分位数

背景

肾脏大小评估是小儿肾脏病学中必不可少的检查。虽然体长/身高是肾脏长度的最佳预测指标，但基于年龄和体表面积 (BSA) 的标准值可能对临床实践或研究有用。本研究旨在根据年龄和 BSA 在健康儿童中建立基于超声的肾脏长度 lambda-mu-sigma (LMS) 百分位数。

方法

在 1758 名 0-19 岁的波兰和立陶宛儿童（868 名男孩，49%）中，使用超声检查测量了肾脏长度。在所有参与者中，进行了人体测量，并根据血清肌酐浓度评估了肾功能。患有慢性或肾脏疾病、肾功能异常或超声检查病理的参与者被排除在分析之外。

结果

肾脏长度（中位肾脏长度）从婴儿期到 18 岁逐渐增加，男性从 60.1 毫米增加到 114.2 毫米，女性从 57.3 毫米增加到 105.2 毫米。还观察到与 BSA 相关的肾脏长度（第 50 个百分位数）逐渐增加（从 BSA 为 0–1.2 m 2 的婴儿的 46.1 mm^到BSA^为2.6–2.8 m ^{2的青少年的 118.3 mm）。}^{按年龄（按性别分层）和 BSA 确定 LMS 百分位数，并分别以 1 岁年龄间隔和 0.2 m 2} BSA 的百分位数和 LMS 参数的图表和表格形式呈现。