Linking science and action to improve public health capacity for climate preparedness in lower- and middle-income countries,Climate Policy

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Linking science and action to improve public health capacity for climate preparedness in lower- and middle-income countries
Climate Policy ( IF 6.056 ) Pub Date : 2022-08-07 , DOI: 10.1080/14693062.2022.2098228
Colin Quinn ₁ , Amanda Quintana ₂ , Tegan Blaine ₃ , Amit Chandra ₁ , Pete Epanchin ₁ , Shanna Pitter ₄ , Wassila Thiaw ₄ , Amalhin Shek ₁ , Geoffrey M. Blate ₁ , Fernanda Zermoglio ₁ , Elizabeth Pleuss ₁ , Hiwot Teka ₅ , Eduardo Samo Gudo ₆ , Gunawardena Dissanayake ₇ , James Colborn ₈ , Juli Trtanj ₄ , John Balbus ₉

Affiliation

ABSTRACT

By 2030, the direct adaptation costs to the health sector due to climate change are expected to cost between USD$2 to USD$4 billion a year. People in many low- and middle-income countries already suffer from several health challenges, such as malnutrition and a high occurrence of infectious diseases, challenges that will be intensified by climate change and variability. Furthermore, these countries often have health systems with a limited capacity to adapt to and prepare for future climate scenarios. As a result, many of the poorest and most vulnerable countries are likely to bear the brunt of health impacts resulting from climate change and variability. The Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change identified health as the sector with the greatest potential to reduce the impacts of climate change in many lower- and middle-income countries if adaptation measures are taken. In this paper, we use case studies from a project funded by the United States Agency for International Development (USAID) to examine how to design programmes to reduce climate risks in the health sector. The USAID project called the Adaptation, Thought Leadership, and Assessment (ATLAS) Project and it assisted public health institutions in lower- and middle-income countries. Four specific cases are presented: in Mozambique, supporting the National Institute of Health of to launch a climate and health research observatory; in Ethiopia, working with the Ministry of Health to include climate and weather information into malaria early warning systems; in sub-Saharan Africa, improving our understanding of the relationship between temperature and malaria to inform malaria elimination interventions; and working across all project countries (globally) to manage extreme heat to reduce impacts on human health and well-being. We analyze these four ATLAS Project case examples to identify lessons and opportunities for future decisions and investment in climate and health care system management and capacity building programmes.

Key policy insights

A user-driven participatory approach improves capacity-building efforts, especially around research for decision making.
Identifying and attempting to overcome institutional barriers to work across the health and climate sectors is necessary early in the project design phase for cross-sectoral collaboration.
Customized data analytics, such as climate forecasting and epidemiological surveillance, should be tailored to specific health risks.
While work at the climate and health nexus is relatively new, there is an increasing number of programmes addressing this linkage. There is an opportunity to increase peer learning opportunities drawing on growing experience across countries.

中文翻译：

将科学与行动联系起来，以提高中低收入国家应对气候变化的公共卫生能力

摘要

到 2030 年，气候变化给卫生部门带来的直接适应成本预计每年将达到 2 至 40 亿美元。许多低收入和中等收入国家的人们已经面临多种健康挑战，例如营养不良和传染病的高发，这些挑战将因气候变化和多变性而加剧。此外，这些国家的卫生系统通常适应和准备未来气候情景的能力有限。因此，许多最贫穷和最脆弱的国家可能首当其冲地受到气候变化和多变性造成的健康影响。政府间气候变化专门委员会认为，如果采取适应措施，卫生是在许多中低收入国家减少气候变化影响的最大潜力的部门。在本文中，我们使用由美国国际开发署 (USAID) 资助的项目的案例研究来研究如何设计项目以降低卫生部门的气候风险。美国国际开发署项目称为适应、思想领导和评估 (ATLAS) 项目，它为中低收入国家的公共卫生机构提供帮助。介绍了四个具体案例：在莫桑比克，支持国家卫生研究院启动气候和健康研究观察站；在埃塞俄比亚，与卫生部合作，将气候和天气信息纳入疟疾预警系统；在撒哈拉以南非洲，提高我们对温度与疟疾之间关系的理解，为消除疟疾干预措施提供信息；并在所有项目国家（全球）努力管理极端高温，以减少对人类健康和福祉的影响。我们分析了这四个 ATLAS 项目案例，以确定未来在气候和卫生保健系统管理和能力建设计划方面的决策和投资的经验教训和机会。并在所有项目国家（全球）努力管理极端高温，以减少对人类健康和福祉的影响。我们分析了这四个 ATLAS 项目案例，以确定未来在气候和卫生保健系统管理和能力建设计划方面的决策和投资的经验教训和机会。并在所有项目国家（全球）努力管理极端高温，以减少对人类健康和福祉的影响。我们分析了这四个 ATLAS 项目案例，以确定未来在气候和卫生保健系统管理和能力建设计划方面的决策和投资的经验教训和机会。