Li–S batteries (LSBs) with high theoretical energy density, low cost, and environmental friendliness have become a competitive candidate for next-generation energy storage devices. However, the shuttling of soluble lithium polysulfides (LPSs) seriously hampers its practical applications. Herein, an in situ crystal conversion strategy has been adopted to realize the transformation of two-dimensional (2D) V₂C MXene into three-dimensional (3D) NiAs-type V₃S₄ nanocrystal functionalized carbon flakes (V₃S₄@C). Thanks to the synergetic contributions from the polar V₃S₄ mediator and conductive carbon framework, the optimized V₃S₄@C host is endowed with both robust chemical/physical adsorption and high catalytic activity towards polysulfides, effectively alleviating the shuttling effect. As expected, the optimum S/V₃S₄@C electrode exhibits an exceptional electrochemical performance in terms of both long-duration cycling and high-rate capacities even at high sulfur loading, highlighting the promising prospects of the designed 3D hybrid host for advanced LSBs.

中文翻译：

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少层 V2C MXene 衍生的 3D V3S4 纳米晶功能化碳薄片促进多硫化物吸附和催化转化为 Li-S 电池

Li-S电池（LSBs）具有高理论能量密度、低成本和环境友好性，已成为下一代储能设备的竞争候选者。然而，可溶性多硫化锂（LPSs）的穿梭严重阻碍了其实际应用。在此，采用原位晶体转换策略实现了二维（2D）V ₂ C MXene 向三维（3D）NiAs 型V ₃ S ₄纳米晶功能化碳片（V ₃ S ₄ @ C）。由于极性 V ₃ S ₄介体和导电碳框架的协同作用，优化的 V₃ S ₄ @C 主体具有强大的化学/物理吸附能力和对多硫化物的高催化活性，有效缓解穿梭效应。正如预期的那样，即使在高硫负载下，最佳的 S/V ₃ S ₄ @C 电极在长周期循环和高倍率容量方面也表现出优异的电化学性能，突出了所设计的 3D 混合主体用于先进LSB。