Buildings are an important component of urban form and have complex relationships with land surface temperature (LST). However, the limited availability of high-spatial-resolution data has constrained studies of these relationships at fine scales. In this study, we used airborne LiDAR data, airborne thermal infrared images, and building vector data to quantify the relationships between seven building form indicators and summer daytime LST at the building level for the central area of Tokyo. Results showed that: (i) The correlation with summer daytime LST was most negative for maximum building height, followed by building external surface area and building volume. The “tall-slim” form of buildings had the potential to help mitigate summer daytime LST. (ii) High mean LSTs during the daytime in the summer were associated mainly with low-rise buildings, residential buildings, and wooden buildings; whereas high-rise buildings, office buildings, and reinforced concrete buildings were associated with low mean LSTs. (iii) The correlations between building form and summer daytime LST depended on the building type. Summer daytime LST correlated more strongly with maximum building height in mid-rise buildings than in high-rise buildings. This study provides insights that could enable the improvement of urban building form with respect to the surface thermal environment.

建筑物是城市形态的重要组成部分，与地表温度（LST）有着复杂的关系。然而，高空间分辨率数据的有限可用性限制了在精细尺度上对这些关系的研究。在这项研究中，我们使用机载 LiDAR 数据、机载热红外图像和建筑物矢量数据来量化东京市中心区建筑物级别的七个建筑物形态指标与夏季白天 LST 之间的关系。结果表明：(i) 最大建筑高度与夏季白天 LST 的相关性最大，其次是建筑外表面积和建筑体积。“高大”的建筑形式有可能帮助缓解夏季白天的 LST。(ii) 夏季白天的高平均 LST 主要与低层建筑、住宅建筑和木制建筑有关；而高层建筑、办公楼和钢筋混凝土建筑的平均 LST 较低。(iii) 建筑形式与夏季白天 LST 之间的相关性取决于建筑类型。夏季白天 LST 与中层建筑的最大建筑高度的相关性比高层建筑的高。这项研究提供了可以改善城市建筑形式相对于地表热环境的见解。(iii) 建筑形式与夏季白天 LST 之间的相关性取决于建筑类型。夏季白天 LST 与中层建筑的最大建筑高度的相关性比高层建筑的高。这项研究提供了可以改善城市建筑形式相对于地表热环境的见解。(iii) 建筑形式与夏季白天 LST 之间的相关性取决于建筑类型。夏季白天 LST 与中层建筑的最大建筑高度的相关性比高层建筑的高。这项研究提供了可以改善城市建筑形式相对于地表热环境的见解。