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Discursive and biophysical dimensions of land sparing policies in Laos: Implications for greenhouse gas emissions and food security
Land Use Policy ( IF 6.189 ) Pub Date : 2022-08-06 , DOI: 10.1016/j.landusepol.2022.106293
Sonja Bauernschuster, Melanie Pichler, Micah Ingalls, Sithong Thongmanivong, Simone Gingrich

Land-use competition between forest conservation and agricultural food production poses major threats to climate change mitigation and food security. Land sparing policies aim at reconciling this conundrum by intensifying agriculture while conserving forests, but scientific debates prevail about their effectiveness. To contribute to this debate, we analyze the discursive dimension of land sparing efforts and their biophysical implications for Lao PDR. Applying an interdisciplinary mixed-methods approach, we examine how Lao land-use policies legitimize land sparing at the cost of shifting cultivation and how land use changed between 2000 and 2019. We quantify ecosystem carbon fluxes and agricultural emissions and investigate trends in agricultural production and food security. We find that policy documents use both socio-economic and environmental arguments to substantiate land sparing at the expense of shifting cultivation. In biophysical terms, the stabilization of shifting cultivation enhanced the recovery of some forest areas resulting in gross carbon sequestration while ecosystems in total remained a net source of emissions. Concomitant agricultural intensification improved dietary energy supply, reduced the prevalence of undernourishment, and increased agricultural exports. However, cropland expansion and the intensification of agriculture entailed greenhouse gas emissions of similar extent as the continuing shifting cultivation, and could not prevent the prevalence of moderate or severe food insecurity in the total population until today. We conclude that the narrow focus of land-use policies on land sparing falls short in effectively balancing societal needs and ecosystem functions.



中文翻译:

老挝土地节约政策的话语和生物物理层面:对温室气体排放和粮食安全的影响

森林保护和农业粮食生产之间的土地利用竞争对减缓气候变化和粮食安全构成重大威胁。土地节约政策旨在通过在保护森林的同时加强农业来解决这一难题,但关于其有效性的科学辩论盛行。为了促成这场辩论,我们分析了土地节约努力的话语维度及其对老挝人民民主共和国的生物物理影响。采用跨学科混合方法,我们研究了老挝的土地利用政策如何以轮垦为代价使土地节约合法化,以及土地利用在 2000 年至 2019 年之间的变化。我们量化生态系统碳通量和农业排放,并调查农业生产和发展趋势。食品安全。我们发现,政策文件使用社会经济和环境论据来证实以轮垦为代价的土地节约。在生物物理方面,轮垦的稳定促进了一些森林地区的恢复,导致总碳固存,而生态系统总体上仍然是净排放源。伴随的农业集约化改善了膳食能量供应,降低了营养不良的发生率,并增加了农产品出口。然而,耕地扩张和农业集约化所带来的温室气体排放量与持续的轮耕相似,并且直到今天仍无法阻止总人口中中度或重度粮食不安全的普遍存在。

更新日期:2022-08-06
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