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Reducing property taxes for agriculture: Diffusion of use-value assessment policy across the United States
Land Use Policy ( IF 6.189 ) Pub Date : 2022-08-05 , DOI: 10.1016/j.landusepol.2022.106298
John E. Anderson , Seth H. Giertz , Shafiun N. Shimul

We analyze the spread across the fifty states of use-value assessment (UVA) programs applied to agricultural and rural land for property tax purposes. Taxing land based on the value associated with its current use in agriculture rather than its full market value can confer substantial tax savings for landowners, affecting land use patterns. Using time-to-event models, we find that the secular trend toward urbanization across all fifty states was a driving force behind the spread of UVA policies. In particular, increasing secular trends in agricultural land values (associated with urbanization) provide a strong motivation for agriculture to pursue UVA, and this factor appears to be the key driver of UVA adoption throughout all of our models. We delve deeper, hoping to understand underlying factors through which UVA is spread across states. We consider the literature on policy diffusion as well as factors suggested by models of collective action, based on concentrated benefits and dispersed costs. Once land values are accounted for, the role of these underlying factors is generally inconclusive. One exception is the relationship between agriculture’s share of state GDP and UVA adoption. Here, a clear negative relationship is found; that is, UVA adoption is more rapid in states where agriculture’s share of state GDP is smaller. This result is at odds with traditional voting models where the median voter, likely not an agricultural landowner, would be expected to favor non-adoption of UVA policies.



中文翻译:

降低农业财产税:使用价值评估政策在美国的扩散

我们分析了 50 个州的使用价值评估 (UVA) 计划的分布,这些计划适用于农业和农村土地以征收财产税。根据与当前农业用途相关的价值而不是其全部市场价值对土地征税可以为土地所有者节省大量税收,从而影响土地使用模式。使用事件发生时间模型,我们发现所有 50 个州的城市化长期趋势是 UVA 政策传播的驱动力。特别是,农业土地价值(与城市化相关)不断增长的长期趋势为农业追求 UVA 提供了强大的动力,而这一因素似乎是我们所有模型中采用 UVA 的关键驱动因素。我们深入研究,希望了解 UVA 在各州传播的潜在因素。我们考虑了关于政策扩散的文献以及集体行动模型所建议的因素,基于集中的利益和分散的成本。一旦考虑了土地价值,这些潜在因素的作用通常是不确定的。一个例外是农业在州 GDP 中的份额与 UVA 采用之间的关系。在这里,发现了明显的负相关;也就是说,在农业占州 GDP 份额较小的州,UVA 的采用速度更快。这一结果与传统投票模型不一致,在传统投票模型中,可能不是农业土地所有者的中位选民预计会支持不采用 UVA 政策。这些潜在因素的作用通常没有定论。一个例外是农业在州 GDP 中的份额与 UVA 采用之间的关系。在这里,发现了明显的负相关;也就是说,在农业占州 GDP 份额较小的州,UVA 的采用速度更快。这一结果与传统投票模型不一致,在传统投票模型中,可能不是农业土地所有者的中位选民预计会支持不采用 UVA 政策。这些潜在因素的作用通常没有定论。一个例外是农业在州 GDP 中的份额与 UVA 采用之间的关系。在这里,发现了明显的负相关;也就是说,在农业占州 GDP 份额较小的州,UVA 的采用速度更快。这一结果与传统投票模型不一致,在传统投票模型中,可能不是农业土地所有者的中位选民预计会支持不采用 UVA 政策。

更新日期:2022-08-05
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