Water-current energy is an enormous and widely distributed clean energy in nature, with different scales from large ocean flow to small local turbulence. However, few effective technologies have been proposed to make use of different forms of water currents as a power source. Here, high-performance paired triboelectric nanogenerators (P-TENGs) capable of integrating massively into a thin flexible layer as a structured triboelectric surface (STS) are demonstrated for harvesting water-current energy. Novel gas packet exchange structure and rigid–flexible coupling deformation mechanism are introduced to ensure that the device can work very effectively even in deep water under high water pressure. The rationally designed TENG array in the STS enables highly efficient power take-off from the flow. Typically, the STS demonstrates a high-frequency output up to 57 Hz, largely superior to current TENG devices, and the power density is improved by over 100 times for triboelectric devices harvesting current energy. The flexible STS is capable of attaching to various surfaces or applying independently for self-powered sensing and underwater power supply, showing great potential for water-current energy utilization. Moreover, the work also initiates universal strategies to fabricate high-frequency devices under large environment pressure, which may profoundly enrich the design of TENGs.

中文翻译：

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用于收集水流能量和自供电传感的合理结构摩擦纳米发电机阵列

水流能源是自然界中一种巨大且分布广泛的清洁能源，具有从大洋流到小局部湍流的不同规模。然而，很少有有效的技术被提出来利用不同形式的水流作为动力源。在这里，高性能配对摩擦电纳米发电机（P-TENG）能够大规模集成到薄的柔性层中，作为结构化摩擦电表面（STS），用于收集水流能量。引入了新型气包交换结构和刚柔耦合变形机制，确保装置即使在高水压的深水中也能非常有效地工作。STS 中设计合理的 TENG 阵列可实现高效的动力输出。通常，STS 展示了高达 57 Hz 的高频输出，大大优于当前的 TENG 设备，并且摩擦电设备收集电流能量的功率密度提高了 100 倍以上。柔性STS可贴附于各种表面或独立应用于自供电传感和水下供电，显示出水流能源利用的巨大潜力。此外，这项工作还开创了在大环境压力下制造高频器件的通用策略，这可能会深刻地丰富 TENG 的设计。柔性STS可贴附于各种表面或独立应用于自供电传感和水下供电，显示出水流能源利用的巨大潜力。此外，这项工作还开创了在大环境压力下制造高频器件的通用策略，这可能会深刻地丰富 TENG 的设计。柔性STS可贴附于各种表面或独立应用于自供电传感和水下供电，显示出水流能源利用的巨大潜力。此外，这项工作还开创了在大环境压力下制造高频器件的通用策略，这可能会深刻地丰富 TENG 的设计。