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A new snow depth data set over northern China derived using GNSS interferometric reflectometry from a continuously operating network (GSnow-CHINA v1.0, 2013–2022)
Earth System Science Data ( IF 11.4 ) Pub Date : 2022-08-05 , DOI: 10.5194/essd-14-3549-2022 Wei Wan , Jie Zhang , Liyun Dai , Hong Liang , Ting Yang , Baojian Liu , Zhizhou Guo , Heng Hu , Limin Zhao
Earth System Science Data ( IF 11.4 ) Pub Date : 2022-08-05 , DOI: 10.5194/essd-14-3549-2022 Wei Wan , Jie Zhang , Liyun Dai , Hong Liang , Ting Yang , Baojian Liu , Zhizhou Guo , Heng Hu , Limin Zhao
The currently available long-term snow depth data sets are either
from point-scale ground measurements or from gridded
satellite/modeled/reanalysis data with coarse spatial resolution, which
limits the applications in climate models, hydrological models, and regional
snow disaster monitoring. Benefitting from its unique advantages of
cost-effective and high spatiotemporal resolution (∼ 1000 m2, hourly in theory), snow depth retrieval using the Global Navigation Satellite System Interferometric Reflectometry (GNSS-IR) technique has
become a popular topic in recent years. However, due to complex
environmental and observation conditions, developing robust and operational
technology to produce long-term snow depth data sets using observations from
various GNSS station networks is still challenging. The two objectives of
this study are (1) to propose a comprehensive framework using raw data of the
complex GNSS station networks to retrieve snow depth and control its
quality automatically; and (2) to produce a long-term snow depth data set
over northern China (i.e., GSnow-CHINA v1.0, 12 h or 24 h, 2013–2022) using the
proposed framework and historical data from 80 stations. The data set has
high internal consistency with regards to different GNSS constellations
(mean r=0.98, RMSD = 0.99 cm, and nRMSD (snow depth > 5 cm)
= 0.11), different frequency bands (mean r = 0.97, RMSD = 1.46 cm, and
nRMSD (snow depth > 5 cm) = 0.16), and different GNSS receivers
(mean r = 0.62). The data set also has high external consistency with the
in situ measurements and the passive microwave (PMW) product, with a
consistent illustration of the interannual snow depth variability. Additionally, the
result show the potential of GNSS to derive hourly snow depth
observations for better monitoring of snow disasters. The proposed framework to
develop the data set provides comprehensive and supportive information for
users to process raw data of ground GNSS stations with complex environmental
conditions and various observation conditions. The resulting GSnow-CHINA
v1.0 data set is distinguished from the current point-scale in situ data or
coarse-gridded data, which can be used as an independent data source for
validation purposes. The data set is also useful for regional climate
research and other meteorological and hydrological applications. The
algorithm and data files will be maintained and updated as more data
become available in the future. The GSnow-CHINA v1.0 data set is available
at the National Tibetan Plateau/Third Pole Environment Data Center via
https://doi.org/10.11888/Cryos.tpdc.271839 (Wan et al., 2021).
更新日期：2022-08-05
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