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PM10 variation, composition, and source analysis in Tuscany (Italy) following the COVID-19 lockdown restrictions
Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics ( IF 6.3 ) Pub Date : 2022-08-04 , DOI: 10.5194/acp-22-9987-2022
Fabio Giardi, Silvia Nava, Giulia Calzolai, Giulia Pazzi, Massimo Chiari, Andrea Faggi, Bianca Patrizia Andreini, Chiara Collaveri, Elena Franchi, Guido Nincheri, Alessandra Amore, Silvia Becagli, Mirko Severi, Rita Traversi, Franco Lucarelli

To control the spread of COVID-19, exceptional restrictive measures were taken in March 2020 that imposed a radical change on the lifestyle of millions of citizens around the world, albeit for a short period. The national lockdown, which lasted from 10 March to 18 May 2020 in Italy, was a unique opportunity to observe the variation in air quality in urban environments under conditions comprising almost total traffic restriction and a strong reduction in work activities. In this paper, the data from 17 urban monitoring sites in Tuscany are presented, and the PM and NO2 concentrations in the 2 months before the start of the lockdown and the 2 months after lockdown are compared with the corresponding months of the previous 3 years. The results show that the total loads of PM2.5 and PM10 (particulate matter with an aerodynamic diameter smaller than 2.5 and 10 µm, respectively) decreased, but they did not exhibit significant changes compared to previous years, whereas NO2 underwent a drastic reduction. For three of these sites, the chemical composition of the collected samples was measured using thermal–optical techniques, ion chromatography, and particle-induced X-ray emission analysis, and the application of multivariate positive matrix factorization analysis also allowed for PM10 source identification and apportionment. Using these analyses, it was possible to explain the low sensitivity of PM10 to the lockdown effects as being due to different, sometimes inverse, behaviors of the different sources that contribute to PM. The results clearly indicate a decline in pollution levels related to urban traffic and an increase in the concentration of sulfate for all sites during the lockdown period.

中文翻译:

在 COVID-19 锁定限制之后,托斯卡纳(意大利)的 PM10 变化、成分和来源分析

为了控制 COVID-19 的传播,2020 年 3 月采取了特殊的限制性措施,对全球数百万公民的生活方式进行了根本性的改变,尽管时间很短。意大利从 2020 年 3 月 10 日持续到 5 月 18 日的全国封锁是一个独特的机会,可以在几乎完全交通限制和工作活动大量减少的条件下观察城市环境中空气质量的变化。本文介绍了托斯卡纳17个城市监测点的数据,将封城前2个月和封城后2个月的PM和NO 2浓度与前3年相应月份进行了比较. 结果表明,PM 2.5的总负荷和 PM 10(空气动力学直径分别小于 2.5 和 10  µm的颗粒物)减少,但与往年相比没有显着变化,而NO 2则大幅减少。对于其中三个地点,使用热光技术、离子色谱法和粒子诱导 X 射线发射分析测量所收集样品的化学成分,并且多变量正矩阵分解分析的应用还允许识别PM 10源和分摊。使用这些分析,可以解释 PM 10的低灵敏度锁定效应是由于导致 PM 的不同来源的不同行为,有时是相反的行为。结果清楚地表明,在封锁期间,与城市交通相关的污染水平有所下降,并且所有地点的硫酸盐浓度都有所增加。
更新日期:2022-08-05
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