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Characteristics of the daytime and nighttime MCSs over the Canadian Prairies using an ERA5-forced convection-permitting climate model
Atmospheric Research ( IF 5.5 ) Pub Date : 2022-08-05 , DOI: 10.1016/j.atmosres.2022.106380
Yunsung Hwang , Yanping Li

This paper describes the occurrences and conditions before Mesoscale Convective Systems (MCSs) are initiated over the Canadian Prairies, using 10 years of observations and convection-permitting climate model simulations. The features of MCSs occurring in summer were analyzed using the Regional Deterministic Reforecast System (RDRS, hourly and 10-km grid spacing) and ECMWF Reanalysis v5 (ERA5)-forced Weather Research and Forecasting (WRF) model simulations (FSCT, 4-km grid spacing). MCSs were defined and tracked using the Method for Object-Based Diagnostic Evaluation-Time Domain (MTD). MTD-identified MCSs were divided into short−/long-lived and daytime/nighttime, considering the longevities and initiation times. FCST showed the skills to simulate MCSs but overestimated MCS features compared to RDRS. Fifteen meteorological parameters were calculated using sounding data from FCST to determine pre-conventional conditions of MCSs (at init. -9, −6, −3, and − 1 h). The distributions of parameters were tested to determine the significance of differences between short- and long-lived MCSs. The key findings are as follows: 1) long-lived daytime MCSs (LLM12) showed favorable thermodynamic processes and 2) long-lived nighttime MCSs (LLM00) were initiated based on dynamic processes. We also found that the most appropriate parameters (i.e., those that were statistically different in short- and long-lived MCSs) to determine the longevities of MCSs were 1) most unstable convective available potential energy and 2) vertical wind shear of 0–3 km.



中文翻译:

使用 ERA5 强制对流允许气候模型的加拿大大草原白天和夜间 MCS 的特征

本文使用 10 年的观测和允许对流的气候模型模拟,描述了加拿大大草原上启动中尺度对流系统 (MCS) 之前的事件和条件。使用区域确定性再预报系统(RDRS,每小时和 10 公里网格间距)和 ECMWF 再分析 v5 (ERA5) 强制天气研究和预报 (WRF) 模型模拟(FSCT,4 公里)分析了夏季发生的 MCS 的特征网格间距)。使用基于对象的诊断评估时域 (MTD) 方法定义和跟踪 MCS。考虑到寿命和启动时间,MTD 识别的 MCS 分为短/长寿命和白天/夜间。FCST 展示了模拟 MCS 的技能,但与 RDRS 相比,它高估了 MCS 功能。使用来自 FCST 的探测数据计算了 15 个气象参数,以确定 MCS 的常规前条件(初始时 -9、-6、-3 和 -1 小时)。测试参数的分布以确定短期和长期 MCS 之间差异的显着性。主要发现如下:1)长寿命的白天 MCS(LLM12)显示出有利的热力学过程,2)长寿命的夜间 MCS(LLM00)是基于动态过程启动的。我们还发现,确定 MCS 寿命的最合适的参数(即,在短期和长期 MCS 中具有统计学差异的参数)是 1)最不稳定的对流可用势能和 2)0-3 的垂直风切变公里。测试参数的分布以确定短期和长期 MCS 之间差异的显着性。主要发现如下:1)长寿命的白天 MCS(LLM12)显示出有利的热力学过程,2)长寿命的夜间 MCS(LLM00)是基于动态过程启动的。我们还发现,确定 MCS 寿命的最合适的参数(即,在短期和长期 MCS 中具有统计学差异的参数)是 1)最不稳定的对流可用势能和 2)0-3 的垂直风切变公里。测试参数的分布以确定短期和长期 MCS 之间差异的显着性。主要发现如下:1)长寿命的白天 MCS(LLM12)显示出有利的热力学过程,2)长寿命的夜间 MCS(LLM00)是基于动态过程启动的。我们还发现,确定 MCS 寿命的最合适的参数(即,在短期和长期 MCS 中具有统计学差异的参数)是 1)最不稳定的对流可用势能和 2)0-3 的垂直风切变公里。1) 长寿命的白天 MCS (LLM12) 显示出有利的热力学过程,2) 长寿命的夜间 MCS (LLM00) 是基于动态过程启动的。我们还发现,确定 MCS 寿命的最合适的参数(即,在短期和长期 MCS 中具有统计学差异的参数)是 1)最不稳定的对流可用势能和 2)0-3 的垂直风切变公里。1) 长寿命的白天 MCS (LLM12) 显示出有利的热力学过程,2) 长寿命的夜间 MCS (LLM00) 是基于动态过程启动的。我们还发现,确定 MCS 寿命的最合适的参数(即,在短期和长期 MCS 中具有统计学差异的参数)是 1)最不稳定的对流可用势能和 2)0-3 的垂直风切变公里。

更新日期:2022-08-09
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