Infectious diseases (ID) are serious threats against the global health and socio-economic conditions. Vaccination usually plays a key role in disease prevention, however, insufficient efficiency or immunogenicity may be quite challenging. Using the advanced vectors for delivery of vaccines with suitable efficiency, safety, and immune-modulatory activity, and tunable characteristics could be helpful, but there are no systematic reviews confirming the capabilities of the vaccine delivery systems for covering various types of pathogens. Furthermore, high rates of the infections, transmission, and fatal ratio and diversity of the pathogens and infection mechanisms may negatively influence vaccine effectiveness. The absence of highly-effective antibiotics against the resistant strains of bacteria and longevity of antibiotic testing have provoked increasing needs towards the application of more accurate and specific theranostic strategies including the nanotechnology-based ones. Nanobionics which is based on the charge storage and transport in the molecular structures, could be of key value in the molecular diagnostic tests and highly-specific electro-analytical methods or devices. Such devices based on the early disease diagnostics might be of critical significance against various types of diseases. This article highlights the significance of nanobionics against ID.

传染病 (ID) 是对全球健康和社会经济状况的严重威胁。疫苗接种通常在疾病预防中发挥关键作用，然而，效率或免疫原性不足可能是相当具有挑战性的。使用先进的载体来递送具有适当效率、安全性、免疫调节活性和可调特性的疫苗可能会有所帮助，但没有系统评价证实疫苗递送系统覆盖各种类型病原体的能力。此外，高感染率、传播率和致死率以及病原体和感染机制的多样性可能会对疫苗的有效性产生负面影响。缺乏针对耐药菌株的高效抗生素和抗生素测试的寿命已经引发了对应用更准确和具体的治疗诊断策略（包括基于纳米技术的策略）的日益增长的需求。基于分子结构中电荷存储和传输的纳米仿生学，在分子诊断测试和高特异性电分析方法或装置中具有关键价值。这种基于早期疾病诊断的设备可能对各种类型的疾病具有至关重要的意义。本文强调了纳米仿生学对抗 ID 的重要性。基于分子结构中电荷存储和传输的纳米仿生学，在分子诊断测试和高特异性电分析方法或装置中具有关键价值。这种基于早期疾病诊断的设备可能对各种类型的疾病具有至关重要的意义。本文强调了纳米仿生学对抗 ID 的重要性。基于分子结构中电荷存储和传输的纳米仿生学，在分子诊断测试和高特异性电分析方法或装置中具有关键价值。这种基于早期疾病诊断的设备可能对各种类型的疾病具有至关重要的意义。本文强调了纳米仿生学对抗 ID 的重要性。