Cardiovascular disease is the leading cause of death worldwide. Continuous heart monitoring is an effective approach in detecting irregular heartbeats and providing early warnings to patients. However, traditional cardiac monitoring systems have rigid interfaces and multiple wiring components that cause discomfort when continuously monitoring the patient long-term. To address those issues, flexible and comfortable sensing devices are critically needed, and they could also better match the dynamic mechanical properties of the epidermis to collect accurate cardiac signals. In this review, we discuss the principles of the major mechanisms of heart monitoring approaches as well as traditional cardiovascular monitoring devices. Based on key challenges and limitations, we propose design principles for flexible cardiac sensing devices. Recent progress of cardiac sensors based on various nanomaterials and structural designs are closely reviewed, along with the fabrication methods utilized. Moreover, recent advances in machine learning have significantly implemented a new sensing platform for the multifaceted assessment of heart status, and thus is further reviewed and discussed. Such strategies for designing flexible sensors and implementing machine learning provide a promising means of automatically detecting real-time cardiac abnormalities with limited or no human supervision while comfortably and continuously monitoring the patient’s cardiac health.

心血管疾病是全球死亡的主要原因。持续的心脏监测是检测不规则心跳并向患者提供早期预警的有效方法。然而，传统的心脏监测系统具有刚性接口和多个接线组件，在长期连续监测患者时会引起不适。为了解决这些问题，迫切需要灵活舒适的传感设备，它们还可以更好地匹配表皮的动态机械特性，以收集准确的心脏信号。在这篇综述中，我们讨论了心脏监测方法的主要机制以及传统的心血管监测设备的原理。基于关键挑战和限制，我们提出了柔性心脏传感设备的设计原则。密切回顾了基于各种纳米材料和结构设计的心脏传感器的最新进展，以及所使用的制造方法。此外，机器学习的最新进展为心脏状态的多方面评估实现了一个新的传感平台，因此需要进一步回顾和讨论。这种用于设计灵活传感器和实施机器学习的策略提供了一种很有前途的方法，可以在有限或无需人工监督的情况下自动检测实时心脏异常，同时舒适地持续监测患者的心脏健康。机器学习的最新进展为心脏状态的多方面评估实现了一个新的传感平台，因此需要进一步审查和讨论。这种用于设计灵活传感器和实施机器学习的策略提供了一种很有前途的方法，可以在有限或无需人工监督的情况下自动检测实时心脏异常，同时舒适地持续监测患者的心脏健康。机器学习的最新进展为心脏状态的多方面评估实现了一个新的传感平台，因此需要进一步审查和讨论。这种用于设计灵活传感器和实施机器学习的策略提供了一种很有前途的方法，可以在有限或无需人工监督的情况下自动检测实时心脏异常，同时舒适地持续监测患者的心脏健康。