Sulphate reducing prokaryotes (SRP) cause hydrogen sulphide (H₂S) generation in some waterflooded hydrocarbon reservoirs that is known as microbial reservoir souring or biosouring. The H₂S generated in-situ by SRP is toxic and corrosive that adversely affects the quality, production, and economy of oil fields together with negative environmental impacts. Various chemical, biological, and microbial methods have been implemented to control such in-situ microbial reactions in the past few decades but still they are not fully controllable. This work aims to give deeper insight into microbial reservoir souring and its mitigations techniques. First, this review elaborates on the complex physics of souring and subsequently explores the latest modelling tools being used to capture the biochemistry of souring and the physics of H₂S generation. Later, a critical discussion on the impact of governing parameters such as fluid composition, temperature, pressure, pH, and salinity on H₂S biogeneration is added. Next, H₂S-fluid-rock interactions leading to partitioning, adsorption, and scavenging phenomena are scientifically explained and their effects on H₂S transport are elucidated. Various mitigation and control techniques are presented and critically compared in view of their suitability and applicability in different scenarios. Finally, some field cases are reported, and the key challenges and the forthcoming research requirements are highlighted. This insightful review provides necessary information on microbial activities in hydrocarbon fields that are important for chemical and petroleum engineers to tackle souring issue.

硫酸盐还原原核生物 (SRP) 会在一些被称为微生物油藏酸化或生物酸化的水驱碳氢化合物储层中产生硫化氢 (H _{2 S)。}H ₂SRP 就地产生的 S 具有毒性和腐蚀性，对油田的质量、生产和经济产生不利影响，并对环境产生负面影响。在过去的几十年中，已经实施了各种化学、生物和微生物方法来控制这种原位微生物反应，但它们仍然不是完全可控的。这项工作旨在更深入地了解微生物储层酸化及其缓解技术。首先，本综述详细阐述了酸化的复杂物理特性，随后探讨了用于捕捉酸化生物化学和 H ₂ S 生成物理特性的最新建模工具。_{随后，对流体成分、温度、压力、pH 和盐度等控制参数对 H 2}的影响进行了批判性讨论增加了 S 生物发电。接下来，科学地解释了导致分配、吸附和清除现象的 H ₂ S-流体-岩石相互作用，并阐明了它们对 H ₂ S 传输的影响。鉴于它们在不同场景中的适用性和适用性，提出并严格比较了各种缓解和控制技术。最后，报告了一些现场案例，并强调了关键挑战和即将到来的研究需求。这篇富有洞察力的综述提供了有关碳氢化合物领域微生物活动的必要信息，这些信息对于化学和石油工程师解决酸化问题非常重要。