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Barley GRIK1-SnRK1 kinases subvert a viral virulence protein to upregulate antiviral RNAi and inhibit infection
The EMBO Journal ( IF 11.4 ) Pub Date : 2022-08-05 , DOI: 10.15252/embj.2021110521
Huaibing Jin 1, 2 , Xinyun Han 2 , Zhaohui Wang 1 , Yilin Xie 3, 4 , Kunpu Zhang 1 , Xiaoge Zhao 2 , Lina Wang 1 , Jin Yang 1 , Huiyun Liu 1 , Xiang Ji 1 , Lingli Dong 2 , Hongyuan Zheng 1 , Weijuan Hu 2 , Yan Liu 5 , Xifeng Wang 5 , Xueping Zhou 5 , Yijing Zhang 3 , Weiqiang Qian 6 , Wenming Zheng 7 , Qianhua Shen 2 , Mingyue Gou 1 , Daowen Wang 1, 2, 7, 8
Affiliation  

Viruses often usurp host machineries for their amplification, but it remains unclear if hosts may subvert virus proteins to regulate viral proliferation. Here, we show that the 17K protein, an important virulence factor conserved in barley yellow dwarf viruses (BYDVs) and related poleroviruses, is phosphorylated by host GRIK1-SnRK1 kinases, with the phosphorylated 17K (P17K) capable of enhancing the abundance of virus-derived small interfering RNAs (vsiRNAs) and thus antiviral RNAi. Furthermore, P17K interacts with barley small RNA-degrading nuclease 1 (HvSDN1) and impedes HvSDN1-catalyzed vsiRNA degradation. Additionally, P17K weakens the HvSDN1-HvAGO1 interaction, thus hindering HvSDN1 from accessing and degrading HvAGO1-carried vsiRNAs. Importantly, transgenic expression of 17K phosphomimetics (17K5D), or genome editing of SDN1, generates stable resistance to BYDV through elevating vsiRNA abundance. These data validate a novel mechanism that enhances antiviral RNAi through host subversion of a viral virulence protein to inhibit SDN1-catalyzed vsiRNA degradation and suggest new ways for engineering BYDV-resistant crops.

中文翻译:

大麦 GRIK1-SnRK1 激酶破坏病毒毒力蛋白以上调抗病毒 RNAi 并抑制感染

病毒经常篡夺宿主机器进行扩增,但尚不清楚宿主是否可以破坏病毒蛋白来调节病毒增殖。在这里,我们表明 17K 蛋白是一种在大麦黄矮病毒 (BYDV) 和相关杆状病毒中保守的重要毒力因子,被宿主 GRIK1-SnRK1 激酶磷酸化,磷酸化的 17K (P17K) 能够增强病毒的丰度-衍生的小干扰RNA(vsiRNA),因此抗病毒RNAi。此外,P17K 与大麦小 RNA 降解核酸酶 1 (HvSDN1) 相互作用并阻碍 HvSDN1 催化的 vsiRNA 降解。此外,P17K 会削弱 HvSDN1-HvAGO1 的相互作用,从而阻碍 HvSDN1 访问和降解携带 HvAGO1 的 vsiRNA。重要的是,17K 磷模拟物(17K 5D),或 SDN1 的基因组编辑,通过提高 vsiRNA 丰度产生对 BYDV 的稳定抗性。这些数据验证了一种通过宿主颠覆病毒毒力蛋白来增强抗病毒 RNAi 的新机制,以抑制 SDN1 催化的 vsiRNA 降解,并提出了工程抗 BYDV 作物的新方法。
更新日期:2022-08-05
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