Many aspects of sulfate radical-advanced oxidation processes, particularly under alkaline medium, are largely debatable. Based on the available literature, the possible mechanisms of both activation of peroxydisulfate (PDS) and peroxymonosulfate (PMS) under alkaline conditions are reviewed. Thereby, several products (SO₅^2-, HO₂^-) are formed presenting a complex interplay since they may be involved in persulfate activation and radical scavenging. Since both PMS and HO₂^- have dissociation centers, alkaline activation of persulfates is very strongly dependent on pH. Owing to some inconsistencies in the state-of-the-art literature, it seems that the activation of both PDS and PMS should be reconsidered in more detailed mechanistic studies. Relevant for alkaline activation, sulfate radical-based oxidation of hydroxide ions yielding hydroxyl radicals is not important for pH< 10.4 in chloride-poor waters (<<1.0 mM), while in the presence of chloride (e.g. 1.0 mM), hydroxyl radicals may be the most important reactive species.

硫酸根高级氧化过程的许多方面，特别是在碱性介质下，在很大程度上是有争议的。基于现有文献，综述了碱性条件下过二硫酸盐（PDS）和过一硫酸盐（PMS）活化的可能机制。因此，形成了几种产物（SO ₅ ^2-、HO ₂ ^-），它们之间存在复杂的相互作用，因为它们可能参与过硫酸盐活化和自由基清除。由于 PMS 和 HO ₂ ^-具有解离中心，过硫酸盐的碱性活化非常强烈地依赖于 pH。由于最新文献中的一些不一致，似乎应该在更详细的机制研究中重新考虑 PDS 和 PMS 的激活。与碱性活化相关，基于硫酸根的氢氧根离子氧化产生羟基自由基对于在氯化物贫乏的水中（<<1.0 mM）中 pH<10.4 并不重要，而在氯化物（例如 1.0 mM）存在下，羟基自由基可能成为最重要的反应物种。