Recent research underpinned the effectiveness of topological decentralization for urban stormwater networks (USNs) during the planning stage in terms of both capital savings and resilience enhancement. However, how centralized and decentralized USNs’ structures with various degrees of redundancy (i.e., redundant water flow pathways) project resilience under functional and structural failure remains an unresolved issue. In this work, we present a systemic and generic framework to investigate the impact of adding redundant flow paths on resilience based on three strategies for optimal centralized versus decentralized USNs. Furthermore, a tailored graph-theory based measure (i.e., eigenvector centrality) is proposed to introduce redundant paths to the critical locations of USNs. The proposed framework is then applied to a real large-scale case study. The results confirm the critical role of layout decentralization under both functional (e.g., extreme precipitation events), and structural failure (e.g., pipe collapse). Moreover, the findings indicate that the implementation of redundant paths could increase resilience performance by up to 8% under functional failure without changing the network's structural characteristics (i.e., sewer diameters, lengths, and storage capacity), only by leveraging the effective flow redistribution. The scheme proposed in this study can be a fruitful initiative for further improving the USNs’ resilience during both planning and rehabilitation stages.

最近的研究支持了规划阶段城市雨水管网 (USN) 拓扑分散化在资本节省和恢复力增强方面的有效性。然而，具有不同程度冗余（即冗余水流路径）的集中式和分散式 USN 结构如何在功能和结构故障下预测弹性仍然是一个未解决的问题。在这项工作中，我们提出了一个系统的通用框架，以基于最佳集中式与分散式 USN 的三种策略来研究添加冗余流路径对弹性的影响。此外，还提出了一种基于定制图论的度量（即特征向量中心性），以将冗余路径引入到 USN 的关键位置。然后将所提出的框架应用于真实的大规模案例研究。结果证实了布局分散在功能（例如，极端降水事件）和结构失效（例如，管道坍塌）下的关键作用。此外，研究结果表明，仅通过利用有效的流量再分配，在不改变网络结构特征（即下水道直径、长度和存储容量）的情况下，冗余路径的实施可以将功能故障下的弹性性能提高多达 8%。本研究中提出的方案可以成为在规划和恢复阶段进一步提高美国海军弹性的一项富有成效的举措。研究结果表明，仅通过利用有效的流量重新分配，在不改变网络结构特征（即下水道直径、长度和存储容量）的情况下，冗余路径的实施可以将功能故障下的弹性性能提高多达 8%。本研究中提出的方案可以成为在规划和恢复阶段进一步提高美国海军弹性的一项富有成效的举措。研究结果表明，仅通过利用有效的流量重新分配，在不改变网络结构特征（即下水道直径、长度和存储容量）的情况下，冗余路径的实施可以将功能故障下的弹性性能提高多达 8%。本研究中提出的方案可以成为在规划和恢复阶段进一步提高美国海军弹性的一项富有成效的举措。