Fabricating perovskite solar cells (PSCs) in air is conducive to low-cost commercial production; nevertheless, it is rather difficult to achieve comparable device performance as that in an inert atmosphere because of the poor moisture toleration of perovskite materials. Here, the perovskite crystallization process is systematically studied using two-step sequential solution deposition in an inert atmosphere (glovebox) and air. It is found that moisture can stabilize solvation intermediates and prevent their conversion into perovskite crystals. To address this issue, thermal radiation is used to accelerate perovskite crystallization for integrated perovskite films within 10 s in air. The as-formed perovskite films are compact, highly oriented with giant grain size, superior photoelectric properties, and low trap density. When the films are applied to PSC devices, a champion power conversion efficiency (PCE) of 20.8% is obtained, one of the best results for air-processed inverted PSCs under high relative humidity (60 ± 10%). This work substantially assists understanding and modulation to perovskite crystallization kinetics under heavy humidity. Also, the ultrafast conversion strategy by thermal radiation provides unprecedented opportunities to manufacture high-quality perovskite films for low-temperature, eco-friendly, and air-processed efficient inverted PSCs.

中文翻译：

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高湿条件下热辐射驱动的钙钛矿薄膜超快结晶用于高效倒置太阳能电池

在空气中制造钙钛矿太阳能电池（PSC）有利于低成本商业化生产；然而，由于钙钛矿材料的耐湿性差，很难实现与惰性气氛中相当的器件性能。在这里，使用在惰性气氛（手套箱）和空气中的两步顺序溶液沉积系统地研究了钙钛矿结晶过程。发现水分可以稳定溶剂化中间体并防止它们转化为钙钛矿晶体。为了解决这个问题，热辐射用于在空气中 10 秒内加速钙钛矿薄膜的钙钛矿结晶。所形成的钙钛矿薄膜致密、高度取向、晶粒尺寸大、光电性能优越、陷阱密度低。当薄膜应用于 PSC 器件时，获得了 20.8% 的冠军功率转换效率 (PCE)，这是在高相对湿度 (60 ± 10%) 下空气处理的倒置 PSC 的最佳结果之一。这项工作极大地有助于理解和调节高湿度下的钙钛矿结晶动力学。此外，热辐射的超快转换策略为制造用于低温、环保和空气处理的高效倒置 PSC 的高质量钙钛矿薄膜提供了前所未有的机会。