Bee foraging behavior provides a pollination service that has both ecological and economic benefits. However, bee population decline could directly affect the efficiency of this interaction. Among the drivers of this decline, global warming has been implicated as an emerging threat but exactly how increasing temperatures affect bee foraging behavior remains unexplored. Here, we assessed how exposure to elevated temperatures during development affects the foraging behavior and morphology of workers from commercial and wild Bombus terrestris colonies. Workers reared at 33 °C had a higher visiting rate and shorter visiting time than those reared at 27°C. In addition, far fewer workers reared at 33 °C engaged in foraging activities and this is potentially related to the drastic reduction in the number of individuals produced in colonies exposed to 33 °C. The impact of elevated developmental temperature on wild colonies was even stronger as none of the workers from these colonies performed any foraging trips. We also found that rearing temperature affected wing size and shape. Our results provide the first evidence that colony temperature can have striking effects on bumblebee foraging behavior. Of particular importance is the drastic reduction in the number of workers performing foraging trips, and the total number of foraging trips made by workers reared in high temperatures. Further studies should explore if, ultimately, these observed effects of exposure to elevated temperature during development lead to a reduction in pollination efficiency.

中文翻译：

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在发育过程中暴露于高温会影响大黄蜂的觅食行为。

蜜蜂觅食行为提供了一种授粉服务，具有生态效益和经济效益。然而，蜜蜂数量的减少可能直接影响这种相互作用的效率。在这种下降的驱动因素中，全球变暖已被认为是一种新出现的威胁，但温度升高究竟如何影响蜜蜂的觅食行为仍未得到探索。在这里，我们评估了在发育过程中暴露于高温如何影响来自商业和野生 Bombus terrestris 群落的工人的觅食行为和形态。与 27°C 饲养的工人相比，33°C 饲养的工人参观率更高，参观时间更短。此外，在 33°C 饲养的从事觅食活动的工人要少得多，这可能与暴露于 33°C 的群体中产生的个体数量急剧减少有关。发育温度升高对野生殖民地的影响甚至更大，因为这些殖民地的工人都没有进行任何觅食之旅。我们还发现饲养温度会影响翅膀的大小和形状。我们的研究结果提供了第一个证据，表明菌落温度可以对大黄蜂的觅食行为产生显着影响。特别重要的是进行觅食旅行的工人数量急剧减少，以及在高温下饲养的工人的觅食旅行总数。进一步的研究应该探索最终是否