This paper presents the first attempt to develop the facies model of the entire coal deposit belonging to the Carboniferous productive sequence located in the western part of the Upper Silesian Coal Basin. To achieve this objective, six seams from the Knurów deposit were examined. The deposit belongs to the largest producer of coking coal in Europe, which is Jastrzębska Spółka Węglowa SA (Polish state-run coking coal producer). The maceral composition, vitrinite reflectance, ash yield content, moisture content, gross calorific value, and volatile matter yield were determined. Coals from the Knurów deposit are classified as ortho-bituminous and meta-bituminous coals. Their average degree of coalification, determined by vitrinite reflectance, is R_O = 0.79% to R_O = 1.09%. Petrographic indices and the analysis of facies diagrams were used to develop the facies model. It was shown that the facies development and sedimentological evolution of the Knurów deposit were determined by the river system extended to the upper delta plain. In accordance with the stratigraphic succession, the oldest deposits are dominated by the reed facies (mainly Calamites) growing in oxbow lakes and dry streambeds. With the passage of time, the importance of the river system for the development of the paleo-environment decreased. Transitional bogs with mixed plant communities were formed. This started the conversion of wetlands into areas occupied by wet forest. At the end of the sedimentation of the documented coal seams in the Knurów deposit, lowland bogs (fens), which were subject to frequent fires, dominated the landscape. Based on a detailed maceral analysis and facies diagram analysis, a strong correlation between fault occurrence and coal facies developed under paleo-river influence was displayed. The aim of the study is to show environmental changes during deposit formation in the context of geological exploration.

本文首次尝试建立属于上西里西亚煤盆地西部石炭纪生产层序的整个煤层的相模型。为了实现这一目标，对 Knurów 矿床的六个煤层进行了检查。该矿床属于欧洲最大的炼焦煤生产商 Jastrzębska Spółka Węglowa SA（波兰国营炼焦煤生产商）。测定了微晶组成、镜质体反射率、灰分含量、水分含量、总热值和挥发物产率。来自 Knurów 矿床的煤炭分为原烟煤和偏烟煤。它们的平均煤化程度，由镜质体反射率确定，为 R _O  = 0.79% 至 R _O = 1.09%。岩相指数和相图分析用于开发相模型。研究表明，Knurów矿床的相发育和沉积演化是由延伸至上三角洲平原的河系决定的。根据地层序列，最古老的沉积物以生长在牛轭湖和干河床中的芦苇相（主要是卡拉米特）为主。随着时间的推移，河流系统对古环境发展的重要性降低。形成了具有混合植物群落的过渡沼泽。这开始将湿地转变为湿森林占据的区域。在 Knurów 矿床中记录的煤层沉积结束时，经常发生火灾的低地沼泽（沼泽）占据了整个景观。基于详细的显微分析和相图分析，显示断层发生与古河流影响下发育的煤相之间存在很强的相关性。该研究的目的是展示地质勘探背景下矿床形成过程中的环境变化。