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How many headers are too many? Evolving our understanding of heading in English professional football
British Journal of Sports Medicine ( IF 18.4 ) Pub Date : 2022-11-01 , DOI: 10.1136/bjsports-2022-105770
Joseph Evans 1, 2 , Adam Crossley 2 , Richard Collinge 2 , Daniel Broman 2 , Osman Hassan Ahmed 3, 4, 5 , Richard Weiler 6, 7, 8, 9
Affiliation  

Football (soccer) heading is an integral game-related skill which affects performance.1 The sport is under increasing pressure to minimise head to ball contact due to reported concerns of developing long-term neurodegenerative diseases (ND).2 The English Football Association (FA) recently responded with guidance limiting headers in training.3 However, current research presents no high-quality evidence directly linking heading exposure to ND, despite widespread media reports to the contrary.2 Mackay et al 4 found mortality from various NDs listed on retrospective death certificates (participants born before 1 January 1977) was 1.7% among former Scottish soccer players and 0.5% among controls, but heading exposure was not measured. The Scottish National Record Statistics (SNRS) confirm dementia deaths alone were much higher, representing 11.1% of all Scottish deaths in 2019 (pre-COVID-19).5 Even accounting for diagnostic improvements spanning the data period of the Mackay et al 4 cohort, the massive differences between mortality rates in Mackay et al 4 (all ND‘s) versus the SNRS (dementia alone) highlight considerable methodological challenges. Therefore, conclusions around the risks of heading based on Scottish football players or the general population are not currently possible or evidence-based. Calls to limit or even ban heading completely based on public health ‘precautionary principles’ are also not scientifically supported, may be politically …

中文翻译:

多少标题太多了?发展我们对英国职业足球头球的理解

足球(英式足球)头球是与比赛相关的一项重要技能,会影响比赛表现。1 由于据报道人们担心会患上长期神经退行性疾病 (ND),因此这项运动面临着越来越大的压力,需要尽量减少头与球的接触。2 英国足球协会 ( FA) 最近以指导限制训练中的头球作为回应。 3 然而,目前的研究没有提供高质量的证据直接将头球暴露与 ND 联系起来,尽管媒体广泛报道相反。 2 Mackay 等人 4 发现回顾性研究中列出的各种 ND 的死亡率死亡证明(1977 年 1 月 1 日之前出生的参与者)在前苏格兰足球运动员中为 1.7%,在对照组中为 0.5%,但未测量头球暴露。苏格兰国家记录统计 (SNRS) 证实,仅痴呆症死亡人数就高得多,为 11 人。占 2019 年苏格兰所有死亡人数的 1%(COVID-19 之前)。5 即使考虑到 Mackay 等人 4 队列数据期间的诊断改进,Mackay 等人 4(所有 ND)的死亡率与SNRS(仅痴呆症)突出了相当大的方法学挑战。因此,目前不可能或基于证据得出基于苏格兰足球运动员或一般人群的头球风险结论。完全基于公共卫生“预防原则”限制甚至禁止头球的呼吁也没有得到科学支持,可能在政治上...... Mackay 等人 4(所有 ND)与 SNRS(仅痴呆症)死亡率之间的巨大差异突出了相当大的方法挑战。因此,目前不可能或基于证据得出基于苏格兰足球运动员或一般人群的头球风险结论。完全基于公共卫生“预防原则”限制甚至禁止头球的呼吁也没有得到科学支持,可能在政治上...... Mackay 等人 4(所有 ND)与 SNRS(仅痴呆症)死亡率之间的巨大差异突出了相当大的方法挑战。因此,目前不可能或基于证据得出基于苏格兰足球运动员或一般人群的头球风险结论。完全基于公共卫生“预防原则”限制甚至禁止头球的呼吁也没有得到科学支持,可能在政治上......
更新日期:2022-10-17
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