Bubble evolution behaviors have been thoroughly documented from the solidified slags detached from EH36 shipbuilding steel weld metals processed by CaO–Al₂O₃–SiO₂–CaF₂ fluxes. As the CaF₂ content decreases, bubble retention tendency attenuates, which is largely rendered by the disappearance of fluorite and cuspidine and the formation capacity of amorphous phases. Thermodynamic calculations show that bubbles are mostly induced by the synergistic effect of decreased amount of CaF₂(g) and increased amount of SiO(g).

中文翻译：

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CaO-Al2O3-SiO2-CaF2 焊剂在高热输入埋弧焊下的气泡演化行为

_{从用 CaO-Al 2} O ₃ -SiO ₂ -CaF ₂助熔剂处理的 EH36 造船钢焊缝金属中分离出的凝固渣中，已经彻底记录了气泡演化行为。随着CaF ₂含量的降低，气泡滞留趋势减弱，这主要是由于萤石和尖晶石的消失以及无定形相的形成能力所致。热力学计算表明，气泡主要是由减少的CaF ₂ (g) 量和增加的SiO(g) 量的协同作用引起的。