Up until now, marine spatial planning (MSP) has been developed primarily in sea areas that are under national sovereignty, i.e., territorial waters and economic exclusive zones. There are proposals for extending MSP to areas beyond national jurisdiction (ABNJ). However, the lack of a clear legal framework to support such attempts limits their viability This paper draws on existing MSP and wider spatial planning experience, and proposes three different scenarios for the creation of planning systems covering the entire world ocean based on the characteristics of different areas. The most promising seems to be the flexible grassroots spatiality approach that would be based on an international agreement to plan ABNJ along with the grass-root efforts of various organisations and planning professionals. The paper identifies key preconditions for the successful introduction of MSP in ABNJ with a focus on resilience and regulatory and supportive ecosystem services. The use of various types of spatial planning is also proposed, prioritizing information and indicative planning, stock-taking and vision-building, making use of non-binding plans, aligning plans for ABNJ and areas under national jurisdiction (AUNJ) and continuous monitoring and evaluation of the results of MSP processes.

迄今为止，海洋空间规划（MSP）主要在国家主权范围内的海域，即领海和经济专属区进行。有人提议将 MSP 扩展到国家管辖范围以外的地区 (ABNJ)。然而，缺乏明确的法律框架来支持这些尝试限制了它们的可行性。本文借鉴现有的 MSP 和更广泛的空间规划经验，并根据不同的特点，提出了三种不同的场景来创建覆盖整个世界海洋的规划系统。领域。最有希望的似乎是灵活的草根空间性这种方法将基于一项计划 ABNJ 的国际协议以及各种组织和规划专业人士的基层努力。本文确定了在 ABNJ 成功引入 MSP 的关键先决条件，重点是恢复力、监管和支持性生态系统服务。还建议使用各种类型的空间规划，优先考虑信息和指示性规划、盘点和愿景建设，利用非约束性规划，调整 ABNJ 和国家管辖区域 (AUNJ) 的规划，并持续监测和评估 MSP 过程的结果。