The global increasing contamination of water resources with toxic heavy metals poses severe threats to human health and aqueous ecosystem. Therefore, it is of high significance to develop low-cost, feasible, and sustainable technologies for the heavy metal removal from wastewater. The membrane separation method possesses some of its great properties, such as high efficiency, easy operation and low space requirements, which has been considered as a promising method for heavy metal removal. In this review, an extensive list of various membrane methods for heavy metal removal from the literature has been compiled. This study reviews the latest developments, discoveries, and prospective applications related to ultrafiltration, nanofiltration, reverse osmosis, and electrodialysis, with an in-depth focus on heavy metal removal. Furthermore, the present review offers a summary and outlook on the opportunities and challenges in the membrane filtration field. Overall, it was found that membrane filtration methods have a promising potential for the practical applications for heavy metal removal.

有毒重金属对水资源的全球污染日益严重，对人类健康和水生态系统构成严重威胁。因此，开发低成本、可行、可持续的废水重金属去除技术具有重要意义。膜分离法具有效率高、操作简单、空间要求低等优点，被认为是一种很有前途的重金属去除方法。在这篇综述中，从文献中汇编了用于去除重金属的各种膜方法的广泛列表。本研究回顾了与超滤、纳滤、反渗透和电渗析相关的最新发展、发现和潜在应用，并深入关注重金属去除。此外，本综述对膜过滤领域的机遇和挑战进行了总结和展望。总体而言，发现膜过滤方法在去除重金属的实际应用中具有广阔的潜力。