IgA nephropathy (IgAN) is the most common glomerulonephritis worldwide. It is diagnosed based on clinical and histological features including predominant IgA deposits in kidney biopsy. The multi-hit theory, based on the production of GDIgA1 and anti-GDIgA1 antibodies, and complement activation via alternative and lectin pathways and also a genetic tendency are crucial in the pathogenesis of IgAN. The aim of the present review is to summarize the utility of routine diagnostic tests in IgA nephropathy, such as IgA and C3 in serum and kidney biopsy specimens, for predicting the disease progression. The paper also contains data on new markers used in the diagnosis and prognosis of IgA nephropathy.

IgA 肾病 (IgAN) 是全球最常见的肾小球肾炎。其诊断基于临床和组织学特征，包括肾活检中的主要 IgA 沉积。基于 GDIgA1 和抗 GDIgA1 抗体的产生、通过旁路和凝集素途径激活补体以及遗传倾向的多重打击理论在 IgAN 的发病机制中至关重要。本综述的目的是总结 IgA 肾病常规诊断试验（例如血清和肾活检标本中的 IgA 和 C3）在预测疾病进展方面的效用。该论文还包含用于 IgA 肾病诊断和预后的新标志物的数据。