Childhood maltreatment is associated with significant, enduring risk of psychiatric disorder. In this paper, we review how neurocognitive alterations after maltreatment might indirectly increase the risk of psychiatric disorder via their impact on social functioning. We propose a neurocognitive social transactional model, within which the neurocognitive sequelae of maltreatment are postulated to affect how an individual's social architecture is constructed across development, including the quality and quantity of relationships in an individual's social network. We review extant evidence in two areas in relation to maltreatment: stress generation (a process by which individuals are more likely to experience interpersonal stressor events) and social thinning (an attenuation in the number and quality of relationships over time). We consider how neurocognitive alterations could contribute to these interactive and autocatalytic social processes, which gradually impoverish an individual's actual or potential social environment and ultimately increase psychiatric risk. We conclude by considering the implications of this neurocognitive social transactional model for the prevention of psychiatric disorder after childhood maltreatment.

童年虐待与精神疾病的显着、持久风险相关。在本文中，我们回顾了虐待后的神经认知改变如何通过对社会功能的影响间接增加精神疾病的风险。我们提出了一个神经认知社会交易模型，其中假设虐待的神经认知后遗症会影响个体的社会结构如何在整个发展过程中构建，包括个体社交网络中关系的质量和数量。我们回顾了与虐待有关的两个领域的现有证据：压力产生（个人更有可能经历人际压力事件的过程）和社会变薄（随着时间的推移关系的数量和质量衰减​​）。我们考虑神经认知改变如何促成这些互动和自催化的社会过程，这些过程逐渐使个人的实际或潜在社会环境变得贫乏，并最终增加精神病风险。最后，我们考虑了这种神经认知社会交易模型对预防儿童虐待后精神疾病的影响。