It is well established from clinical trials that behavioural interventions can halve the risk of progression from prediabetes to type 2 diabetes but translating this evidence of efficacy into effective real-world interventions at scale is an ongoing challenge. A common suggestion is that future preventive interventions need to be more personalised in order to enhance effectiveness. This review evaluates the degree to which existing interventions are already personalised and outlines how greater personalisation could be achieved through better identification of those at high risk, division of type 2 diabetes into specific subgroups and, above all, more individualisation of the behavioural targets for preventive action. Approaches using more dynamic real-time data are in their scientific infancy. Although these approaches are promising they need longer-term evaluation against clinical outcomes. Whatever personalised preventive approaches for type 2 diabetes are developed in the future, they will need to be complementary to existing individual-level interventions that are being rolled out and that are demonstrably effective. They will also need to ideally synergise with, and at the very least not detract attention from, efforts to develop and implement strategies that impact on type 2 diabetes risk at the societal level.

Graphical abstract

中文翻译：

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2型糖尿病的个性化预防

从临床试验中可以看出，行为干预可以将糖尿病前期进展为 2 型糖尿病的风险减半，但将这种疗效证据大规模转化为有效的现实干预措施是一项持续的挑战。一个普遍的建议是，未来的预防干预需要更加个性化，以提高有效性。本综述评估了现有干预措施已经个性化的程度，并概述了如何通过更好地识别高危人群、将 2 型糖尿病划分为特定亚组以及最重要的是对预防性行为目标进行更多个性化来实现更大程度的个性化行动。使用更多动态实时数据的方法还处于科学起步阶段。尽管这些方法很有希望，但它们需要针对临床结果进行长期评估。无论未来如何开发针对 2 型糖尿病的个性化预防方法，它们都需要与现有的正在推出且明显有效的个体层面干预措施相辅相成。理想情况下，他们还需要与制定和实施在社会层面影响 2 型糖尿病风险的战略相结合，至少不要分散注意力。

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