Exploration of the biological behavior and fate of nanoparticles, as affected by the nanomaterial–biology (nano–bio) interaction, has become progressively critical for guiding the rational design and optimization of nanomedicines to minimize adverse effects, support clinical translation, and aid in evaluation by regulatory agencies. Because of the complexity of the biological environment and the dynamic variations in the bioactivity of nanomedicines, in-situ, label-free analysis of the transport and transformation of nanomedicines has remained a challenge. Recent improvements in optics, detectors, and light sources have allowed the expansion of advanced light source (ALS) analytical technologies to dig into the underexplored behavior and fate of nanomedicines in vivo. It is increasingly important to further develop ALS-based analytical technologies with higher spatial and temporal resolution, multimodal data fusion, and intelligent prediction abilities to fully unlock the potential of nanomedicines. In this Outlook, we focus on several selected ALS analytical technologies, including imaging and spectroscopy, and provide an overview of the emerging opportunities for their applications in the exploration of the biological behavior and fate of nanomedicines. We also discuss the challenges and limitations faced by current approaches and tools and the expectations for the future development of advanced light sources and technologies. Improved ALS imaging and spectroscopy techniques will accelerate a profound understanding of the biological behavior of new nanomedicines. Such advancements are expected to inspire new insights into nanomedicine research and promote the development of ALS capabilities and methods more suitable for nanomedicine evaluation with the goal of clinical translation.

中文翻译：

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探索纳米药物生物学行为和命运的先进光源分析技术

探索受纳米材料-生物学（nano-bio）相互作用影响的纳米粒子的生物学行为和命运，对于指导纳米药物的合理设计和优化以最大程度地减少副作用、支持临床转化和帮助评估变得越来越重要由监管机构。由于生物环境的复杂性和纳米药物生物活性的动态变化，对纳米药物的转运和转化进行原位、无标记分析仍然是一个挑战。光学、检测器和光源的最新改进使先进光源 (ALS) 分析技术得以扩展，以深入研究纳米药物在体内未充分探索的行为和命运. 进一步开发具有更高时空分辨率、多模态数据融合和智能预测能力的基于ALS的分析技术，以充分释放纳米药物的潜力变得越来越重要。在本期展望中，我们将重点关注几种选定的 ALS 分析技术，包括成像和光谱学，并概述它们在探索纳米药物的生物行为和命运中的应用新兴机会。我们还讨论了当前方法和工具面临的挑战和限制，以及对先进光源和技术未来发展的期望。改进的 ALS 成像和光谱技术将加速对新纳米药物的生物学行为的深刻理解。