Size regulation of uniform polymer nanospheres (PNSs) and carbon nanospheres (CNSs) below 100 nm has been difficult and is limited by multiple factors, such as ongoing nucleation, Ostwald ripening, minimization of surface energy, and high viscosity during the nucleation and growth process. In this study, a kinetics-controlled regulation is reported for the synthesis of monodispersed PNSs and corresponding CNSs with adjustable size below 100 nm. During the synthesis of PNSs, three distinct stages including surface energy control, surface tension control and viscosity control have been observed, where the concentration of block copolymer F127 (C_F127) plays a vital role in affecting the nucleation rate of PNSs and tunes the diffusion rate of monomers and migration of particles during the nucleation and growth process. As a consequence, the size of monodisperse CNSs can be customized from 100 nm down to 41 nm with PDI below 5%.

中文翻译：

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胶体聚合物和碳纳米球均匀成核和生长的动力学控制调控

100 nm 以下均匀聚合物纳米球 (PNS) 和碳纳米球 (CNS) 的尺寸调节一直很困难，并且受到多种因素的限制，例如正在进行的成核、奥斯特瓦尔德熟化、表面能的最小化以及成核和生长过程中的高粘度. 在这项研究中，报告了一种动力学控制的调节方法，用于合成单分散的 PNS 和相应的具有可调节尺寸低于 100 nm 的 CNS。在 PNSs 的合成过程中，观察到三个不同的阶段，包括表面能控制、表面张力控制和粘度控制，其中嵌段共聚物 F127 ( C _F127) 在影响 PNS 的成核速率和调节成核和生长过程中单体的扩散速率和粒子的迁移方面起着至关重要的作用。因此，单分散 CNS 的尺寸可以从 100 nm 定制到 41 nm，PDI 低于 5%。