Relative Energy Deficiency in Sport (RED-S) refers to a condition in which energy imbalance leads to impaired physiological function of multiple organ systems and expands on the diagnosis previously known as the Female Athlete Triad. Researchers attribute the medical complications of RED-S to low energy availability, in which energy availability is defined as dietary energy intake minus exercise energy expenditure divided by fat-free mass. This article reviews the history of this diagnosis, the changing terminology, and the reasons for the expansion. Accepted definitions of each part of the energy availability equation are considered and the difficulties that exist using these equations in practice or comparatively in the literature are assessed. The review analyzes the broad spectrum of health consequences of RED-S, especially as it relates to hypoestrogenemia and menstrual function, gives guidance to those caring for athletes on the identification and management of RED-S, and sheds lights on the important role of coaches, athletic trainers, and families in recognizing this diagnosis and in helping getting patients to care.

运动中的相对能量缺乏症 (RED-S) 是指能量失衡导致多器官系统生理功能受损的情况，并扩大了以前称为女运动员三联征的诊断. 研究人员将 RED-S 的医学并发症归因于低能量可用性，其中能量可用性定义为膳食能量摄入减去运动能量消耗除以无脂肪质量。本文回顾了该诊断的历史、术语的变化以及扩展的原因。考虑了能源可用性方程每个部分的公认定义，并评估了在实践中或相对文献中使用这些方程所存在的困难。该综述分析了 RED-S 的广泛健康后果，尤其是与低雌激素血症和月经功能相关的后果，为运动员的护理人员提供了识别和管理 RED-S 的指导，并阐明了教练的重要作用, 运动教练,